摘要
传统选金法主要包括混汞法、氰化法与浮选法,这类方法普遍存在环境污染问题。其中氰化法的危害尤为突出,氰化钠、氰化钾这类氰化物具有剧毒,人体仅需吸收微量便可能致命。生物浸金法虽具备环境友好、生产成本低的优势,但现有生物浸金剂存在浸出速度慢、耗时久的短板,制约了其大规模工业化应用。为此,本文开展了高效浸金生物制剂原料的筛选与研究。首先,基于氨基酸的结构与性质,选取八种代表性氨基酸进行浸金试验。结果显示,半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、天冬酰胺的浸金效果相对更优,其中半胱氨酸的浸金能力最为突出。其次,挑选四种富含上述有效氨基酸的废水、废料作为生物制剂原料,在常压、碱性条件下添加一定氧化剂,对经焙烧处理的金精矿进行浸出对比试验。结果表明,半胱氨酸废水的浸金效果最佳,金浸出率达到90.01%。通过与氰化浸金试验对比,并设置空白对照试验发现,该生物制剂原料在与氧化剂的协同作用下,浸金效果与氰化浸金相近,且相较于现有生物浸金剂,大幅缩短了浸出时间。最后,采用“活性炭吸附分离金—载金炭解吸电积—冶炼回收”的工艺处理金浸出液,金的总回收率可以达到91.38%。半胱氨酸废水不仅无毒无污染,且原料来源广泛、易于获取,既能降低浸金成本,又能有效解决传统浸金工艺的环保难题。以半胱氨酸废水为原料,经后续改性处理制成的生物制剂,有望替代氰化法用于金的浸出工艺。
Traditional gold extraction methods mainly included amalgamation,cyanidation,and flotation,which generally posed environmental pollution problems.Among them,cyanidation was particularly harmful:cyanides such as sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide were highly toxic,and even a trace amount absorbed by the human body can be fatal.Although the bioleaching method for gold was environment-friendly and low-cost,existing gold-leaching biological reagents suffered from shortcomings of slow leaching rate and long time consumption,which restricted their large-scale industrial application.To address this,this study carried out the screening and research of raw materials for high-efficiency gold-leaching biological agents.Firstly,based on the structure and properties of amino acids,eight representative amino acids were selected for gold leaching tests.The results showed that cysteine,glycine,histidine,and asparagine had relatively better gold leaching effects,among which cysteine exhibited the most prominent gold leaching capacity.Secondly,four types of wastewater and waste materials rich in the above-mentioned effective amino acids were selected as raw materials for the biological reagent.Under atmospheric pressure and alkaline conditions,with the addition of a certain oxidant,comparative leaching tests were conducted on roasted gold concentrate.The results indicated that cysteine-containing wastewater had the best gold leaching effect,with a gold leaching rate of up to 90.01%.Through comparison with cyanide leaching tests and setting up blank control tests,it was found that under the synergistic effect of this biological reagent raw material and the oxidant,the gold leaching effect was similar to that of cyanide leaching,and the leaching time was significantly shortened compared with existing gold-leaching biological reagents.Finally,the gold leachate was treated by the process of“activated carbon adsorption for gold separation—desorption and electrowinning of gold-loaded carbon—smelting recovery”,and the total gold recovery could reach 91.38%.Cysteine-containing wastewater is non-toxic,pollution-free,with wide sources and easy accessibility.It can not only reduce the cost of gold leaching but also effectively solve the environmental problems of traditional gold leaching processes.The biological reagent prepared from cysteine-containing wastewater through subsequent modification is expected to replace cyanidation for gold leaching processes.
作者
王娟
何苏
徐靖
李彦令
孙景敏
李翠芬
李振
WANG Juan;HE Su;XU Jing;LI Yanling;SUN Jingmin;LI Cuifen;LI Zhen(The Prevention and Control Center for the Geological Disaster of Henan Geological Bureau,Zhengzhou 450012,China;Key Laboratory of Precious Metals Analysis and Exploration Technology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Zhengzhou 450012,China;Yellow River Conservancy Commission Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of Henan,Zhengzhou 450007,China;Henan Engineering Research Center of Mineral Processing and Microbe Mineral Processing,Zhengzhou 450012,China;Henan Xiaonengda Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450000,China)
出处
《有色金属(选矿部分)》
2025年第12期99-105,共7页
Nonferrous Metals(Mineral Processing Section)
基金
河南省自然资源科技创新“揭榜挂帅”项目(豫自然资函[2025]456号-9)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874259)。
关键词
氰化法
生物制剂
浸金
原料
生物毒性
cyanidation
biological reagents
gold leaching
raw materials
biotoxicity
