摘要
锂和铍作为战略性矿产资源,是新能源、航空航天等领域的核心原材料,其高效分离对保障国家资源安全意义重大。锂辉石与绿柱石同属硅酸盐矿物,表面性质相近,单一捕收剂难以实现二者高效浮选分离,导致花岗伟晶岩型锂多金属矿中伴生铍资源大量浪费。本研究采用油酸钠(NaOL)/十二胺(DDA)构建阴阳离子组合捕收剂体系,通过单矿物浮选试验、Zeta电位测试、吸附量测试、FT-IR分析及XPS分析等方法,系统探究其对锂辉石与绿柱石浮选分离的作用机理。结果表明,单独使用NaOL或DDA时,两种矿物可浮性差异不显著;在pH=7的中性环境下,当NaOL与DDA摩尔比为7∶3、总浓度1×10^(-4)mol/L时,锂辉石浮选回收率达到88.25%,绿柱石仅为30.70%,可浮性差异显著扩大。机理分析显示,DDA通过静电作用物理吸附于两种矿物表面,NaOL则与矿物表面Al^(3+)位点形成化学吸附;在锂辉石表面,NaOL与DDA产生协同吸附效应,促进DDA吸附并提升其可浮性;而绿柱石表面NaOL优先吸附占据活性位点,阻碍DDA吸附,导致可浮性下降。本研究揭示了阴阳离子捕收剂调控锂铍矿物分离的核心机制,为实现锂辉石与绿柱石的高效浮选分离提供了理论依据和技术支撑。
Lithium and beryllium,as strategic mineral resources,are core raw materials in new energy,aerospace,and other fields.Their efficient separation is of great significance for safeguarding national resource security.Spodumene and beryl,both silicate minerals with similar surface properties,are difficult to separate efficiently by flotation using a single collector,resulting in the massive waste of associated beryllium resources in granitic pegmatite-type lithium polymetallic ores.In this study,a cationic-anionic mixed collector system composed of sodium oleate(NaOL)and dodecylamine(DDA)was constructed.The flotation separation mechanism of spodumene and beryl was systematically investigated through single mineral flotation tests,zeta potential measurements,adsorption analyses,FT-IR spectroscopy,and XPS analysis.The results showed that when NaOL or DDA was used alone,there was no significant difference in floatability between the two minerals.Under neutral conditions(pH=7),with a NaOL∶DDA molar ratio of 7∶3 and a total concentration of 1×10^(-4)mol/L,the flotation recovery of spodumene reached 88.25%,while that of beryl was only 30.70%,indicating a significant expansion in floatability difference.Mechanism analysis revealed that DDA was physically adsorbed on the surfaces of both minerals through electrostatic interaction,while NaOL formed chemical adsorption with Al^(3+)sites on the mineral surfaces.On the spodumene surface,NaOL and DDA exhibited a synergistic adsorption effect,promoting DDA adsorption and enhancing its floatability.In contrast,NaOL preferentially adsorbed on the beryl surface,occupying active sites and hindering DDA adsorption,thereby reducing its floatability.This study reveals the core mechanism of cationic-anionic collectors regulating the separation of lithium and beryllium minerals,providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient flotation separation of spodumene and beryl.
作者
李祥
朱阳戈
李东郎
卢烁十
LI Xiang;ZHU Yangge;LI Donglang;LU Shuoshi(State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing,Beijing 102628,China;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China)
出处
《有色金属(选矿部分)》
2025年第12期88-98,共11页
Nonferrous Metals(Mineral Processing Section)
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(2024A03002)。
关键词
锂铍分离
浮选
锂辉石
绿柱石
阴阳离子捕收剂
lithium-beryllium separation
flotation
spodumene
beryl
cationic-anionic collectors
