摘要
磨矿作业是选矿流程中“承上启下”的环节,其产品粒度分布的合理性直接决定了后续分选作业的指标上限。某铜矿一选厂一段旋流器溢流产品中各个粒级存在组成不合理,过粗粒级和过粉碎粒级占比较大的问题,导致后续浮选作业中铜回收率较低。为了突破这一技术瓶颈,首先通过对给矿矿石进行详细的力学性质与粒度组成分析,精准推导出适用于当前矿石性质的一段球磨机最佳钢球初装配比,即m(Φ70 mm)∶m(Φ50 mm)∶m(Φ40 mm)∶m(Φ30 mm)=15%∶25%∶35%∶25%,并据此确定了相应的日常补加球配比。在此基础上,通过系统的实验室条件试验,进一步优化了与之匹配的关键操作参数,对磨矿浓度和钢球充填率等工艺条件进行了优化,最终确定最佳的磨矿浓度为73%,最佳的钢球充填率为41%。为验证优化方案的有效性,在一选厂Ⅲ系列进行了为期7个月的工业试验。试验结果极为显著。与工业试验前相比,工业试验阶段溢流产品中-0.15+0.010 mm粒级及-0.074+0.018 mm易选粒级的含量分别增加了6.55个百分点和16.22个百分点,同时-0.010 mm过粉碎粒级含量降低了10.26个百分点,最终铜精矿回收率提高了0.65个百分点。
The grinding operation serves as a pivotal link in mineral processing,which rationality of the particle size distribution of its product directly determines the performance of subsequent separation stages.This study addressed a critical issue observed at a copper concentrator:the overflow product from the primary hydrocyclone exhibited a suboptimal size composition,characterized by disproportionately high shares of both oversized(+0.20 mm)and overly fine(-0.010 mm)particles.This imbalance led to a substandard content of the-0.074 mm qualified fraction and consequently contributed to a consistently lower copper recovery rate in flotation,falling nearly 1 percentage point below potential.The objective was to overcome this technical bottleneck through a systematic optimization of the grinding process conditions.To tackle this challenge,a scientific methodology was employed,moving beyond traditional trial-and-error approaches.Initially,a comprehensive analysis of the feed ore's mechanical properties and size composition was conducted.Based on this analysis and utilizing the semi-theoretical ball diameter formula alongside the principle of precise ball loading,the optimal initial ball size distribution for the primary ball mill was accurately determined as m(Φ70 mm)∶m(Φ50 mm)∶m(Φ40 mm)∶m(Φ30 mm)=15%∶25%∶35%∶25%.The corresponding ratio for daily ball replenishment was also derived.Subsequently,systematic laboratory-scale tests were performed to optimize other key operating parameters synergistically with the new ball regime.This led to the identification of the optimal grinding concentration as 73%and the optimal ball filling rate as 41%.A seven-month industrial trial was conducted in the Plant I,SeriesⅢgrinding circuit to validate the optimized scheme.The results were highly significant.Compared to the pre-optimization period,the industrial trial demonstrated a remarkable improvement in the overflow product's size distribution.The content of the fraction(-0.15+0.010 mm)and the easily selectable fraction(-0.074+0.018 mm)increased by 6.55 and 16.22 percentage points,respectively.Concurrently,the content of the over-ground fraction(-0.010 mm)was reduced by 10.26 percentage points.This effective optimization of the grinding product towards a more desirable size range directly translated into enhanced flotation performance,culminating in a 0.65 percentage point increase in the final copper concentrate recovery rate.The study successfully demonstrates that a scientifically-grounded optimization of grinding media and operating parameters can effectively resolve imbalances in grinding product size distribution,thereby significantly improving valuable mineral recovery.The methodology and findings presented offer valuable insights and a replicable framework for enhancing grinding efficiency in similar mineral processing operations,particularly for ores prone to similar grinding issues.
作者
李健灵
龚学东
赵艳伟
张永彬
肖庆飞
王国彬
刘瑞涛
LI Jianling;GONG Xuedong;ZHAO Yanwei;ZHANG Yongbin;XIAO Qingfei;WANG Guobin;LIU Ruitao(Yuxi Mining Co.,Ltd.,Yuxi 653100,Yunnan,China;Faculty of Land Resource Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)
出处
《有色金属(选矿部分)》
2025年第12期65-72,共8页
Nonferrous Metals(Mineral Processing Section)
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52374269)。
关键词
铜矿
磨矿
配比
溢流
粒度分布
回收率
copper mine
grinding
proportion
overflow
particle size distribution
recovery
