摘要
铜渣是火法炼铜过程中产生的大宗工业固废,富含Cu、Fe、Zn等多种有价元素。然而,铜渣中铁资源的高效分选回收一直是行业技术难点,磁选后铁精矿品位偏低的问题尤为突出。本研究以赤峰某渣选厂的铜渣磁选精矿为研究对象,通过化学多元素分析、X射线衍射(XRD)及光学显微镜分析,系统探究各矿物组分赋存状态。结果表明,磁铁矿为铜渣磁选精矿中的主要含铁矿物,但大量磁铁矿与铁橄榄石及其他脉石矿物呈连生关系,这是导致磁选后铁精矿品位偏低的核心原因。针对该问题,提出脱泥—反浮选联合提铁工艺,试验结果显示,当脱泥量为14.94%时,铁精矿品位由原矿49.50%提升至51.86%;以月桂酰胺为捕收剂,在pH=8.0、捕收剂用量为100 g/t的条件下,铁精矿品位为53.18%、回收率为82.69%。进一步开展再磨—脱泥—反浮选优化试验,当磨矿细度为-45μm占86.20%、月桂酰胺用量为140 g/t时,铁精矿品位显著提升至55.97%,回收率维持在74.30%。研究结果为解决铜渣磁选精矿提质提铁难题提供了切实可行的技术路径,具有重要实践指导意义。
Copper slag is a large-volume industrial solid waste generated during pyrometallurgical copper smelting,rich in various valuable elements such as Cu,Fe,and Zn.However,the efficient separation and recovery of iron resources from copper slag have long been a technical challenge in the industry,with the problem of low iron grade in iron concentrate after magnetic separation being particularly prominent.This study takes the copper slag magnetic separation concentrate from a slag processing plant in Chifeng as the research object,and systematically investigates its mineral composition and occurrence state through chemical multi-element analysis,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and optical microscope analysis.The results show that magnetite is the main iron-bearing mineral in the magnetic separation concentrate,but a large amount of magnetite is intergrown with fayalite and other gangue minerals,which is the core reason for the low iron grade of the iron concentrate after magnetic separation.To address this problem,a combined iron extraction process of desliming—reverse flotation is proposed.The test results indicate that when the desliming rate is 14.94%,the iron grade of the concentrate increases from 49.50%(raw ore)to 51.86%,using lauramide as the collector,under the conditions of pH=8.0 and collector dosage of 100 g/t,the iron grade of the concentrate reaches 53.18%with a recovery of 82.69%.Further optimization tests of regrinding—desliming—reverse flotation are carried out.When the grinding fineness(-45μm)accounts for 86.20%and the lauramide dosage is 140 g/t,the iron grade of the concentrate i s significantly increased to 55.97%,and the recovery is maintained at 74.30%.The research results provide a practical technical path for solving the problem of quality and iron grade improvement of copper slag magnetic separation concentrate,and have important practical guiding significance.
作者
张志军
孟齐
张哲
左延治
翟朝平
代新儒
ZHANG Zhijun;MENG Qi;ZHANG Zhe;ZUO Yanzhi;ZHAI Chaoping;DAI Xinru(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Chifeng Jintong Copper Industry Co.,Ltd.,Chifeng 024000,Inner Mongolia,China)
出处
《有色金属(选矿部分)》
2025年第12期48-55,共8页
Nonferrous Metals(Mineral Processing Section)
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52274281)。
关键词
铜渣
磁选精矿
提铁工艺
脱泥—反浮选
月桂酰胺
copper slag
magnetic separation concentrate
iron extraction process
desliming—reverse flotation
lauramide
