摘要
本文聚焦白云鄂博铌资源,系统评述其资源特征、选矿技术进展及发展趋势。该矿床铌资源禀赋特征极为复杂,主要表现为地质构造多变,铌矿物与铁、稀土等脉石矿物共生关系紧密,嵌布粒度细,原矿品位低等,致使铌矿物单体解离困难、夹杂程度高、分选选择性差、回收率低。现有研究突破单一重、磁、浮选工艺局限,以联合选别工艺与化学选矿方法实现梯度富集优化和铌的相态转化与提取,详细分析了各传统选矿方法和化学富集技术对铌精矿品位与回收率的影响。基于工艺矿物学系统研究,深度解析了易解石、铌铁矿、烧绿石等铌矿物相的赋存状态及粒度嵌布特性,综述了浮—磁联合工艺、氧化焙烧—选择性浸出等过程强化技术的最新进展。在此基础上,提出强化矿物学基础研究、融合在线分析智能技术实现快速识别、高效捕收药剂的开发等未来研究方向,以期为白云鄂博铌资源有效利用提供理论支撑与技术路径。
This paper focused on the Bayan Obo niobium resources as a strategic reserve of critical metals,presenting a systematic review of their resource characteristics,advances in mineral processing technologies,and development trends.The niobium resource endowment of this deposit was characterized by extreme complexity,manifested through variable geological structures,intimate intergrowth between niobium minerals and gangue minerals(e.g.,iron and rare earth elements),fine dissemination size,and low head grade.These features resulted in poor liberation of niobium minerals,high entrainment,inferior separation selectivity,and low recovery.Current research had overcome limitations of single gravity,magnetic,or flotation separation by employing combined beneficiation processes and chemical mineral processing methods to achieve gradient enrichment optimization and phase transformation-based niobium extraction,with detailed analysis of the effects of conventional beneficiation techniques and chemical enrichment on concentrate grade and recovery.Based on systematic process mineralogy studies,this review provided an in-depth analysis of the occurrence states and grain-size distribution characteristics of niobium-bearing phases including aeschynite,columbite,and pyrochlore,while summarizing recent advances in process intensification technologies such as flotation-magnetic hybrid circuits and oxidative roasting-selective leaching.Furthermore,future research directions were proposed,encompassing strengthened fundamental mineralogical investigations,integration of intelligent online analysis for rapid mineral identification,and development of high-efficiency collectors,aiming to provide theoretical foundations and technological pathways for the effective utilization of Bayan Obo niobium resources.
作者
赵琳
匡敬忠
陈芳芳
于宏东
ZHAO Lin;KUANG Jingzhong;CHEN Fangfang;YU Hongdong(Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China;Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ganzhou 341119,Jiangxi,China)
出处
《有色金属(选矿部分)》
2025年第12期1-9,共9页
Nonferrous Metals(Mineral Processing Section)
基金
中国科学院乡村振兴项目(KFJ-XCZX-202305)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2905300,2022YFC2905303)
中国科学院稀土重点实验室自主部署项目(E456F003)。
关键词
白云鄂博
铌
选矿工艺
联合工艺
浮选药剂
Bayan Obo
niobium
beneficiation process
combined process
flotation reagents
