摘要
CRISPR/Cas介导的基因编辑技术通过精准剪切目标DNA,克服了传统基因编辑效率低、特异性差、操作复杂等问题,极大简化了基因编辑过程,并广泛应用于医学、农业和基础科学等领域。尽管CRISPR/Cas技术已在多种作物中取得了显著进展,但在烟草中的研究仍相对滞后,存在编辑效率低、靶向特异性有待提高等问题,限制了其在烟草遗传改良中的广泛应用。因此本文重点介绍基因编辑技术的原理与方法,回顾其早期的发展历程,简述CRISPR/Cas系统的工作原理、结构分类及其在基因组编辑中的应用。同时,文章重点讨论了基因编辑技术在烟草抗病、抗虫、抗逆、品质、农艺、生物燃料和环境修复等方面的应用,展望其在烟草品种改良中的应用前景与挑战。通过这些讨论,旨在为研究人员提供一个全面的基因编辑技术概述,为烟草育种工作者提供借鉴和参考思路。
The CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing technology enables the precise cleavage of target DNA sequences,overcomingthe limitations of traditional genetic modification methods such as low efficiency,poor specificity,and operational complexity.It hassignificantly simplified the gene editing process and is now widely applied in medicine,agriculture,and basic research.AlthoughCRISPR/Cas-based gene editing has achieved remarkable progress in various crops,its application in tobacco remains relativelyunderdeveloped,with challenges such as low editing efficiency and suboptimal target specificity,limiting its broader application intobacco genetic improvement.Therefore,this review focuses on introducing the principles and methodologies of gene editingtechnology,tracing its early development,and exploring in depth the working mechanisms,structural classifications,and applicationsof the CRISPR/Cas system in genome editing.The article also briefly discusses the applications of gene editing in improving tobaccoresistance to diseases,insect and environmental stresses,as well as enhancing quality traits,agronomic performance,biofuelproduction,and environmental remediation.Finally,it outlines the current prospects and challenges in tobacco variety improvement.Through these discussions,the study aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive overview of gene editing technologies andoffer insights and references for tobacco breeders.
作者
吴启
邓乐乐
张建铎
杨文武
吕婧
胡海洲
薛凯丽
孙玉合
马斯琦
李义强
代常波
向海英
WU Qi;DENG Lele;ZHANG Jianduo;YANG Wenwu;LÜJing;HU Haizhou;XUE Kaili;SUN Yuhe;MA Siqi;LI Yiqiang;DAI Changbo;XIANG Haiying(Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China;Technology Center,ChinaTobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650231,China)
出处
《中国烟草科学》
北大核心
2025年第6期126-135,共10页
Chinese Tobacco Science
基金
山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目(2024LZGC026)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC02、ASTIP-TRIC-ZD05、ASTIP-TRIC-QH-2025B03)
中国烟草总公司重大科技项目[110202401002(JY-02)、110202201006(JY-06)、110202201009(JY-09)]
云南大观实验室项目(YNDG202401YZ01)。
关键词
烟草
基因编辑
基因挖掘
研究进展
tobacco
gene editing
gene mining
research progress
