摘要
随着化肥过量使用和土壤退化等问题日益突出,迫切需要寻找有效的资源循环利用方式,以提升土壤肥力和作物产量。该研究突破了传统的单一物料还田模式,提出了秸秆、生物炭和沼液配施还田模式,比较了8个不同还田处理对作物产量和土壤质量等的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田腐解率约为75%,土壤微生物丰度在还田前后得到明显改善,放线菌门丰度最大可提高至36.04%,有利于平衡土壤菌群,加速秸秆腐解。较生物炭等氮量组(T6),生物炭等氮全量和沼液等氮2倍量组(T8)土壤碱解氮、速效磷和总有机碳含量分别可提高27.55%、31.82%和16.64%。配施还田也可有效提升大于0.053 mm的土壤团聚体占比,同时,随秸秆还田量的增加,作物产量呈上升趋势。综合考虑下,T8处理组表现最佳,既能维持土壤肥力和保持土壤优良的理化特性,使土壤碱解氮、速效磷和总有机碳含量分别达到115.85 mg/kg、14.50 mg/kg和14.09 g/kg,土壤粗大团聚体、细大团聚体、微团聚体和粉黏粒组分的占比分别达到14.40%、21.15%、14.14%和50.41%,又可使水稻和小麦产量较T6处理组分别提高17.98%和25.02%。配施适度的秸秆、生物炭和沼液是改良农田土质,保证作物产量的有效途径。该研究结论可为秸秆与沼液的综合还田处理提供参考。
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has posed a serious threat to soil degradation and environmental pollution during agricultural production.It is urgent to recycle resources for high soil fertility and crop yield.This study aims to explore the effects of biochar and biogas slurry treatment on the decomposition rate of straw and the nutrient release rate after straw decomposition.A one-year rice-wheat rotation was carried out in the field.8 treatment groups(T1-T8)were also set.A systematic investigation was made to compare the effects of the single and combined application of straw,biochar,and biogas slurry on the growth and yield,soil microbial biomass,soil nutrient content,soil pH,soil conductivity,and soil aggregates.The results showed that the decomposition rate of the straw returned was about 75%.The decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of deep straw returning in the paddy field were slightly higher than those of the shallow straw.While in the dry field,the abundance of soil microorganisms was significantly improved before and after returning to the field.The abundance of actinomycetes increased to 36.04%at the classification level suitable for the high straw decomposition.While the abundance of Proteobacteria was reduced to 10.24%,this was beneficial to balance the soil trophic flora.The dominant flora of straw decomposition was expanded to accelerate the straw decomposition.The combined application of straw,biochar,and biogas slurry significantly improved the soil quality and crop yield.Among them,the total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and organic carbon content of soil increased respectively.The average content of the total organic carbon in the wheat-paddy field was higher than that in the paddy field.But the range of the paddy field was greater than that of the wheat paddy field.The biochar and biogas slurry were applied to hold the carbon and nitrogen ratio caused by pure straw returning to the paddy field.As such,the overall C/N ratio was within the range of suitable soil for cultivation.The combined application of straw,biochar,and biogas slurry increased the proportion of soil aggregates greater than 0.053 mm.The soil aggregate structure was improved by the combined application of biochar and biogas slurry,which was higher than that of straw returning.There was some increase with the increase in biogas slurry returning.At the same time,the crop yield shared an upward trend with the increase in the amount of straw returning to the field.The yield of rice and wheat in the total straw returning treatment group was higher than that in the half straw returning treatment.The biogas slurry(T8)performed the best in the total nitrogen content of biochar,and twice the amount of nitrogen.The soil fertility,the excellent physical and chemical properties of the soil were maintained to significantly improve the crop yield.The yield of rice reached 8748.33 kg/hm2,which was 17.98%higher than that of the biochar and the nitrogen return treatment group(T6).The yield of wheat was 3182.20 kg/hm2,which was 25.02%higher than that of the T6 treatment group.Moderate application of the straw,biochar,and biogas slurry can be expected to improve the soil quality of farmland for high crop yield.
作者
牛文娟
须吴潇
陈新宝
何芬
曹灿
杜赛
孟海波
袁巧霞
艾平
NIU Wenjuan;XU Wuxiao;CHEN Xinbao;HE Fen;CAO Can;DU Sai;MENG Haibo;YUAN Qiaoxia;AI Ping(Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Yangxin County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Huangshi 435200,China;Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610041,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第24期122-132,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
湖北省自然科学基金联合基金项目(2024AFD368)
武汉市自然科学基金探索计划项目(晨光计划2024040801020297)。
关键词
秸秆
生物炭
沼液
产量
土壤
straw
biochar
biogas slurry
yield
soil
