摘要
明清时期,连云栈道和金牛道是秦蜀交通中的主要官道,政府高度重视道路的维护和驿递制度管理。道路维修中的主要变化在于艰险地段整修成以土石为路基的“碥路”,比木栈道牢固,承载能力强,且离河床较远,夏秋季节不易被洪水冲毁。此外,在金牛道沿线,为预防道路被水冲毁,政府还专门种植柏树,皇柏林属国有,由县令派专人看护。明清时期,蜀道沿线的驿站弊端主要表现为驿站马瘦、马伤、马匹倒毙、官员恶意科派、公文递送迟误、被私拆或遗失、驿丞年纪大、公私驿递不分、驿站夫役集结困难、土司进贡携带大量物品、任情需索夫马、沿途骚扰驿站、铺递住宿条件差等。针对出现的邮驿之弊,朝廷也作出了改革,以维系国家的驿传递送往来。
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Lianyun Plank Road and the Jinniu Road served as the pivotal official routes between Qin and Shu regions,to which the imperial government attaches great importance in terms of maintenance and postal system.The main change in road maintenance is the renovation of difficult sections into“stone road”with a soil and stone base.These roads are more solid than wooden walkways,have a stronger load⁃bearing capacity,and are situated farther from the riverbed,making them less susceptible to flooding during the summer and fall.Besides,along the Jinniu Road,the government has specifically planted cypress trees to prevent the road from being washed away by water.The cypress forest is state⁃owned and monitored by specially appointed personnel from the county magistrate.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the major drawbacks of post stations along Shudao include:horses at the stations are often thin,injured,or even dead;officials impose excessive demands;the delivery of documents is delayed;packages are lost or improperly opened;the postmasters are often elderly;there is a lack of distinction between public and private postal services;it is difficult to gather porters;local chieftains bring large quantities of goods for tribute;there are arbitrary demands for horses and supplies;post stations face harassment along the route;and the conditions for lodging and accommodation are poor,among other issues.In response to these drawbacks,the imperial government takes measures to reform the postal system to ensure its effectiveness.
出处
《蜀道研究》
2025年第1期107-120,160-161,共16页
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“蜀道文献整理与研究”(17ZDA190)
