摘要
在数字经济加速发展的背景下,数据形态持续演化,形成多阶段、多层次的复杂体系。基于数据“形态特征—产权边界—效能增值”三维分析框架,从数据形态的动态演进出发,将数据生产链划分为五大基本环节:采集存储、清洗标注、算法蒸馏/知识嵌入、产品与服务、应用与赋能。通过细化各环节中的主要参与者以及数据的自然属性与经济属性,揭示了数据如何在嵌入技术系统与组织流程的过程中,实现由原始记录向结构化资产,再向交易性产品,最后转化为决策型要素的跃迁。在此基础上,数据的产权边界问题表现为从事实控制到制度确权的逐级推进,涉及传统产权与新型产权等多重权利的交错博弈,权属结构也随形态演进呈现差异化特征。由于不同环节下的数据在具体场景中的功能作用、典型应用与商业模式各异,其效能增值既能包含市场交易带来的货币化收益,也能包含支撑决策带来的效率提升等非货币化效益。进一步通过剖析典型案例,深化对不同数据形态的制度结构与增值机制的理解,并为数据确权、共享激励与数据要素市场建设提供了系统的分析框架与政策启示。
Against the backdrop of the accelerating development of the digital economy,the morphology of data continues to evolve,forming a multi-stage and multi-layered complex system.Based on a three-dimensional analytical framework of"data morphology-property rights boundaries-efficiency enhancement",this paper divides the data production chain into five fundamental stages:data collection and storage,data cleaning and labeling,algorithm distillation/knowledge embedding,data-based products and services,and data-driven empowerment.By detailing the key participants and the natural and economic attributes of data in each stage,the paper reveals how data,through its embedding in technological systems and organizational processes,undergoes a transformation from raw records to structured assets,to tradable products,and finally to decision-oriented production factors.On this basis,the issue of data property rights boundaries manifests as a progressive shift from de facto control to de jure institutional confirmation,involving the overlapping and interaction of traditional and emerging property rights.The ownership structure of data thus exhibits differentiated characteristics along with its morphological evolution.Because data in different stages of the production chain perform distinct functions,applications,and business roles across specific contexts,their eficiency gains and value enhancement encompass both monetized returns derived from market transactions and non-monetized benefits stemming from improved decision-making efficiency and organizational performance.This paper further analyzes representative cases to deepen the understanding of the institutional structures and efficiency-enhancement mechanisms underlying various data morphologies,thereby providing a systematic analytical framework and policy insights for data property rights confirmation,sharing incentives,and the development of data factor markets.
作者
张春
刘超
董兵兵
ZHANG Chun;LIU Chao;DONG Bing-bing(Shanghai Advanced Institute of Finance,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《经济问题》
北大核心
2026年第1期37-46,共10页
On Economic Problems
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“地方政府财政空间的统计测度和扩大路径研究”(24BTJ009)
上海数据交易所课题“数据资产通证化路径研究”。
关键词
数据形态
产权边界
效能增值
数据生产链
权利束
data morphology
property rights boundaries
efficiency enhancement
data production chain
bundle of rights
