摘要
总结了碱激发材料固化高矿化度矿井水中盐离子的机理及新型技术研究进展,分析了国内相关应用场景与技术关键。以高矿化度矿井水、煤矸石、粉煤灰、普通硅酸盐水泥及外加剂为原料,制备了碱激发胶凝充填材料,通过调节不同外加剂含量,测试试块抗压强度及浸泡液中离子浓度。结果表明,添加4.8%工业水玻璃的试块抗压强度最高。在此基础上,进一步添加氧化钙作为外加剂,同时,对粉煤灰进行高温预处理,最终氯离子固化率达到87.54%,硫酸根离子固化率大于或等于98.72%。实验结果表明,基于煤基固废的碱激发材料能有效固化矿井水中的盐离子。在Cl^(-)与SO_(4)^(2-)共存条件下,需重视离子固化优先级,通过配比优化合理分配铝源;粉煤灰预处理是提升碱激发材料性能的有效手段,可显著提高离子固化率与资源利用率;针对不同水质特征的矿井水,应开发定制化配比方案,并结合预处理工艺,以实现盐离子的高效固化与资源化利用。
This study summarizes the mechanisms of alkali-activated materials in solidifying salt ions in mine water with high TDS and the research progress of novel technologies,while also analyzing relevant domestic application scenarios and key technical challenges.Alkali-activated cementitious backfill materials were prepared using mine water with high TDS,coal gangue,fly ash,ordinary portland cement,and additives.By investigating the content of different additives,the compressive strength of test specimens and the ion concentration in the soaking solution were measured.The results indicated that the test specimens with the addition of 4.8%industrial water glass demonstrated the optimal compressive strength.Based on this,calcium oxide was additionally introduced as an additive,while high-temperature pretreatment was applied to fly ash.Ultimately,the solidification rate of chloride ions reached 87.54%,and the solidification rate of sulfate ions was greater than or equal to 98.72%.Experimental results demonstrate that alkali-activated materials based on coal-based solid waste can effectively solidify salt ions in mine water.Under coexisting conditions of Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-),the priority of ion solidification must be considered,and aluminum sources should be rationally allocated through mix proportion optimization.Pretreatment of fly ash is an effective method to enhance the performance of alkali-activated materials,significantly improving ion solidification efficiency and resource utilization rates.For mine water with varying water quality characteristics,customized formulation schemes should be developed and combined with pretreatment processes to achieve efficient solidification and resource utilization of salt ions.
作者
白国良
赵旭
BAI Guoliang;ZHAO Xu(China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;CCTEG Ecological Environment Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;CCTEG Beijing Academy of Land Renovation and Ecological Restoration Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China)
出处
《矿业安全与环保》
北大核心
2025年第6期88-96,共9页
Mining Safety & Environmental Protection
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1306004)
天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业资金项目(2023-TD-ZD004-004)。
关键词
矿井水
碱激发材料
煤基固废凝胶材料
硫酸根
氯离子
盐离子
mine water
alkali-activated material
coal-based solid waste gel material
sulfate radical
chloride ion
salt ions
