摘要
西部煤矿区生态环境脆弱,采煤塌陷引起的地裂缝致使水土流失、土壤退化加剧,利用微生物复垦是矿区生态环境修复的研究热点。聚焦于采煤裂缝区藻结皮对土壤理化性质与水分迁移过程的作用机制,旨在揭示其缓解土壤结构破坏与水肥流失的关键生态功能,以裂缝区藻结皮覆盖土壤和裸露土壤为研究对象,采用土壤结构分析、水分入渗-蒸发测试和养分测定等方法,系统评估藻结皮在裂缝扰动背景下对土壤理化性质退化过程的缓解效应与生态功能响应。结果表明:裂缝尺度增大导致土壤砂粒比例升高、粉粒和黏粒比例下降,浅层含水率降低,水分入渗速率和蒸发速率增高,土壤养分显著减少;藻结皮显著改善土壤质量,在无裂缝区使有机碳、全氮、全磷和含水率分别提高91.13%、27.48%、23.46%、38.77%,入渗速率降低42.9%;在裂缝区,藻结皮可缓解土壤水分与养分流失,提高浅层含水率18.36%~42.85%。藻结皮具备显著的水土保持与养分积累功能,在采煤沉陷区生态修复中具有广阔的应用前景。
The ecological environment of coal mining areas in western China is highly fragile.Ground fissures induced by coal extraction subsidence exacerbate soil erosion and degradation.Microbial-based land reclamation has become a research hotspot in ecological restoration of mining areas.This study focuses on elucidating the functional mechanisms by which algal crusts influence soil physicochemical properties and water transport processes in fissured areas,aiming to reveal the key ecological roles in mitigating soil structure degradation and water-nutrient loss.Algal-crusted and bare soils in fissure areas were selected as study objects.Through soil structural analysis,water infiltration and evaporation tests,as well as nutrient content determination,the ecological effects of algal crusts under fissure disturbance were systematically assessed to provide a theoretical basis for artificial algal crust applications in ecological restoration.The results showed that with the increase in fissure scale,soil exhibit higher sand content,reduced silt and clay fractions,decreased surface soil moisture,accelerated infiltration and evaporation rates,and significantly lower nutrient levels.In non-fissured areas,algal crusts improved soil quality significantly,increasing organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and surface moisture content by 91.13%,27.48%,23.46%,and 38.77%,respectively,while reducing infiltration rate by 42.9%.In fissure areas,algal crusts alleviate water and nutrient loss effectively,increasing surface soil moisture from 18.36%to 42.85%.Algal crusts exhibit significant functions in water retention and nutrient accumulation,and hold promissing prospects for application in ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence areas.
作者
毕银丽
朱子涵
徐开伟
BI Yinli;ZHU Zihan;XU Kaiwei(State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China)
出处
《矿业安全与环保》
北大核心
2025年第6期10-18,共9页
Mining Safety & Environmental Protection
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1303304)
国家自然科学基金项目(52394194)。
关键词
矿区
生态环境修复
采动地裂缝
藻结皮
土壤养分
入渗
蒸发
cool mining area
ecological environment restoration
mining ground fissure
algal crust
soil nutrients
infiltration
evaporation
