摘要
沿海地区是中国经济、产业发展的核心区域,但随着全球气候变暖和城市化的快速发展,各类型自然灾害频发,已成为影响沿海地区城市公共安全的突出问题,严重制约经济社会可持续健康发展。在梳理沿海城市地形地貌、气候条件及水文特征的基础上,分析了变化环境下产汇流机制的演变规律,总结了工程措施、非工程措施及生态综合措施在防洪排涝中的应用进展并对未来进行了展望。研究表明:中国沿海城市洪涝灾害的驱动机制受气候变化、城市化进程加速及陆海水动力耦合作用影响,短历时高强度降水增多、排水系统超负荷运行及潮汐顶托效应显著加剧了城镇积涝与流域洪水风险。海绵城市建设、智慧排水调控以及流域-城市协同调度为城市综合防洪排涝体系提供了新范式,但现行防洪规划体系与排水管理机制在标准衔接、跨区域联动及精细化调控方面仍存在不足。人工智能、大数据及数字孪生技术的深度融合,将推动防洪排涝体系向智能化、韧性化转型,提高城市水安全保障能力。
Coastal areas are pivotal to China's economic and industrial development,marked by high population density and intense land use.However,the compounded effects of global climate change and rapid urbanization have led to a growing frequency of both inland and marine hydrometeorological disasters.These events increasingly threaten urban public safety and constrain the sustainable development of the economy and society in coastal regions.In this study,we systematically review the topographic,climatic,and hydrological conditions of coastal cities and examine the evolving characteristics of runoff generation and concentration under changing environmental stressors.The application progress of engineering measures,non-engineering measures,and ecological comprehensive measures for urban flood control and drainage is summarized and future prospects are forecasted.The findings indicate that flood disasters in China's coastal cities are governed by a complex interplay of climate variability,intensified urbanization,and the coupled interactions between terrestrial and marine hydrological systems.The increasing frequency of short-duration heavy rainfall,the limited capacity of urban drainage infrastructure,and the backwater effects of tidal influence have collectively increased surface runoff,accelerated confluence processes,and heightened flood and waterlogging risks at both urban and watershed scales.Innovative strategies such as sponge city construction,intelligent drainage regulation,and watershed-urban coordinated scheduling offer promising pathways for urban flood control and drainage systems.Nevertheless,existing planning frameworks and drainage governance systems face persistent challenges,including misaligned technical standards,limited inter-regional coordination,and insufficient operational precision.To address these gaps,the deep integration of artificial intelligence,big data analytics,and digital twin technologies presents significant potential to transform urban flood prevention and waterlogging control systems.These technologies can enable more adaptive,intelligent,and resilient urban water management,thereby strengthening flood response capacity and long-term water security in coastal cities.
作者
虞畅
王云
宋明明
万芳
刘翠善
YU Chang;WANG Yun;SONG Mingming;WAN Fang;LIU Cuishan(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Yangtze River Protection and Green Development Institute,Nanjing 210098,China;Center for Responding to Climate Change of the Ministry of Water Resources,Nanjing 210029,China;Key Laboratory of Drought and Water Hazard Defense,Ministry of Water Resources,Nanjing 210029,China;School of Surveying,Mapping and Municipal Engineering,Zhejiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Hangzhou 310018,China;College of Water Resources,North China University of Water Resources and Hydropower,Zhengzhou 450045,China)
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2025年第12期80-87,104,共9页
Yangtze River
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52121006)
水利部水旱灾害防御重点实验室开放基金项目(KYFB202307260036)
杭嘉湖南排工程科研项目“立体韧性城市洪涝防控体系构建研究”。
关键词
城市内涝
产汇流机制
防洪排涝体系
沿海城市
urban waterlogging
runoff generation-concentration mechanism
flood control and drainage system
coastal cities
