摘要
为了更好地保护沅陵县的古树名木资源,本研究在湖南省第二次古树名木普查数据的基础上开展了实地调查,并对古树名木的物种组成、现存状况、空间分布及物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明:沅陵县现存古树名木共计6927株,隶属41科84属142种;其平均树龄、树高、胸径、冠幅分别为189 a、23.8 m、78.4 cm、12.0 m;树种构成以枫香树、柏木、马尾松、黄连木、银杏、青冈、柞木、枫杨、板栗和麻栎为主;其中一级古树137株,二级古树785株,三级古树6005株;立地条件方面,古树名木多分布在南坡中部的斜坡地带,海拔200~400 m为核心分布区;死亡古树名木主要由自然灾害和病虫害导致。空间分布格局上,古树名木整体上呈现出明显的聚集状态,聚集在七甲坪镇、官庄镇、太常片区和沅陵镇-深溪口片区这4个区域。全县古树名木的物种多样性中等偏高,优势物种个体数量占比较高,但物种分布不均匀,且古树名木聚集区常与物种多样性较高的乡镇(片区、国有林场)重合。分区域针对性保护和分物种保护是今后沅陵县古树名木保护的主要方向。
To better protect the ancient and famous tree resources in Yuanling County,this study conducted field investigations based on the data from the second general survey of ancient and famous trees in Hunan Province,and analyzed their species composition,existing status,spatial distribution,and species diversity.The results showed that there were a total of 6927 ancient and famous trees in Yuanling County,belonging to 142 species,84 genera,and 41 families,with an average tree age of 189 a,an average height of 23.8 m,an average diameter at breast height of 78.4 cm,and an average crown width of 12.0 m.The dominant tree species included Liquidambar formosana,Cupressus funebris,Pinus massoniana,Pistacia chinensis,Ginkgo biloba,Quercus glauca,Xylosma congesta,Pterocarya stenoptera,Castanea mollissima,and Q.acutissima.Among them,there were 137 first-grade ancient trees,785 second-grade ancient trees,and 6005 third-grade ancient trees.In terms of site conditions,the ancient and famous trees in the county mostly grew in the slope in the middle of the southern slope,with the altitude of 200 to 400 m as the core distribution area.The death of ancient and famous trees was mainly caused by natural disasters and pests and diseases.Spatially,the ancient and famous trees generally showed a clear clustering state,mainly concentrated in 4 areas:Qijiaping Town,Guanzhuang Town,Taichang area,and Yuanling Town-Shenxikou area.The species diversity of ancient and famous trees in the county was moderate to relatively high,with a significant proportion of dominant species.However,the distribution of species was uneven,and the distribution areas of ancient trees often overlaped with the townships(sections,state-owned forest farms)with high species diversity.Targeted regional conservation and species-specific protection will be the main directions of ancient and famous trees in Yuanling County in the future.
作者
孙维
张强
夏昕
SUN Wei;ZHANG Qiang;XIA Xin(Hunan Jinghui Agriculture&Forestry Eco-Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410008,Hunan,China;Xianmen State-owned Forest Farm of Yuanling County,Hunan Province,Yuanling 419601,Hunan,China)
出处
《湖南林业科技》
2025年第6期62-69,共8页
Hunan Forestry Science & Technology
关键词
古树名木
资源特征
分布格局
保护
沅陵县
ancient and famous trees
resource characteristics
distribution pattern
protect
Yuanling County
