摘要
概要描绘燃料电池的技术特点及相关分类,详细阐述燃料电池的优势及现存主要技术问题,对燃料电池和二次电池及热力发动机进行对比研究。燃料电池在部分文献中也被称为“燃料电池发动机”,但由于燃料电池自身技术特点与热力发动机大相径庭,因此“燃料电池发动机”一词的实际应用尚存争议,但由于在概念与技术组成方面不存在歧义,因此“燃料电池发动机”在许多场合下可与“燃料电池”等同使用。随后,为研究燃料电池在航空动力领域的应用前景,梳理以燃料电池为动力的航空器的应用现状,对燃料电池应用于混合电推进系统、辅助动力装置(APU)及无人机动力领域的前景进行分析及研究,并得出相关结论。燃料电池由于无法对外输出高温燃气,因此通常只能通过电机与螺旋桨进行搭配使用,且因其功率受限,相应限制其在大型航空器动力领域的应用。现阶段单一的燃料电池动力装置多用于无人机,相应可与太阳能电池及锂离子电池等二次电池进行搭配使用,以实现长航时的技术功效。当燃料电池用作于APU及混合电推进系统时,均有着较好前景。
The technical characteristics and related classifications of fuel cells are briefly described,the advantages and existing main technical problems of fuel cells are elaborated in detail,and a comparative study is conducted on fuel cells,secondary batteries and heat engines.Fuel cells are also called"fuel cell engines"in some documents.However,because the technical characteristics of fuel cells are quite different from those of heat engines,the practical application of the term"fuel cell engine"is still controversial.However,due to the concept and technical composition there is no ambiguity,so"fuel cell engine"can be used equally with"fuel cell"on many occasions.Subsequently,in order to study the application prospects of fuel cells in the field of aerospace power,the application status of fuel cell-powered aircraft was sorted out,and the application of fuel cells in the fields of hybrid electric propulsion systems,auxiliary power units(APUs)and UAV power was analyzed and studied,and relevant conclusions were drawn.Since fuel cells cannot output high-temperature gas to the outside world,they can only be used in conjunction with motors and propellers.Due to their limited power,their application in the field of large aircraft power is correspondingly limited.At present,single fuel cell power units are mostly used in UAVs,and can be used in conjunction with solar cells and secondary batteries such as lithium-ion batteries to achieve long-haul technical effects.Fuel cells,when used in APUs and hybrid electric propulsion systems,have good prospects.
出处
《科技创新与应用》
2026年第1期183-188,192,共7页
Technology Innovation and Application
