摘要
高氯酸铵(AP)作为固体推进剂中应用最广泛的氧化剂,其粒径与形貌直接影响推进剂的燃烧性能,因此超细AP的制备与改性是提升推进剂综合性能的重要途径。梳理了超细AP的制备方法,主要包括气流粉碎法、球磨粉碎法、冷冻干燥法、降温结晶法、溶剂-非溶剂结晶法等,并对其技术特点和现状进行了总结和分析;分析了超细AP在实际应用中存在团聚和吸湿问题的机理,并针对这一问题对国内外进行的改性研究进展进行了总结;展望超细AP的未来发展:对粒径可控、粒度分布窄的球形化超细AP制备工艺的开发;基于推进剂组分相容或具有推进剂性能友好特性的材料对超细AP进行表面改性的开发;对超细AP的制备与表面改性一体式工艺的开发。附参考文献71篇。
Ammonium perchlorate(AP),as the most widely used oxidizer in solid propellants,exhibits a direct influence on the combustion performance of propellants through its particle size and morphology.Consequently,the preparation and modification of ultrafine AP represent a critical pathway for enhancing the overall performance of propellants.The preparation methods for ultrafine AP,primarily including jet milling,ball milling,freeze drying,cooling crystallization,and solvent-antisolvent crystallization are outlined,and their technical characteristics and current status are summarized and analyzed.Meanwhile,the mechanisms underlying the agglomeration and hygroscopicity encountered by ultrafine AP in practical applications are examined.In response to these challenges,advances in modification researches conducted both domestically and internationally are reviewed.Future development directions for ultrafine AP are also prospected.It can be focused on:the development of preparation processes capable of producing spherical ultrafine AP with controllable particle size and narrow size distribution;the development of surface modification approaches utilizing materials that are compatible with propellant components or possess propellant performance with friendly characteristics;and the development of integrated processes combining the preparation and surface modification of ultrafine AP.With 71 references were attached.
作者
蒋杰
陈建发
蒋添
李苗苗
詹国柱
马振叶
JIANG Jie;CHEN Jian-fa;JIANG Tian;LI Miao-miao;ZHAN Guo-zhu;MA Zhen-ye(School of Chemistry and Material Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210046,China;Shanghai Aerospace Chemical Application Research Institute,Shanghai 201109,China)
出处
《火炸药学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期1081-1094,I0001,共15页
Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants
基金
国家自然科学基金(No.U22B20138)。
关键词
物理化学
高氯酸铵
AP
超细粉体
制备工艺
表面改性
含能材料
固体推进剂
physical chemistry
ammonium perchlorate
AP
ultrafine powders
preparation process
surface modification
energetic materials
solid propellant
