摘要
明晰东北典型黑土地土壤有机质、容重的时空变化及驱动因素对编制区域“变瘦、变硬”清单,保障农业绿色可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究以位于典型黑土分布腹地的嫩江市为研究对象,于2023年对第二次全国土壤普查时期的点位重新进行原位实地现状调查,测定表层(0~20 cm)和亚表层(20~40 cm)土壤理化性质,通过“点对点”的方式直观反映40年来土壤属性的时空变化特征,进而通过相关性分析、冗余分析等方法探讨嫩江市土壤有机质、容重变化的影响因素。结果表明,土壤有机质、容重在嫩江市的分布呈现出较为明显的空间差异,有机质呈东部高西部低,容重呈西南高东北低的空间分布特征。40余年来,随着农业生产等人类活动的加剧,嫩江市耕地土壤有机质含量呈整体下降趋势,表层和亚表层土壤分别下降11.89%和6.99%,且呈现出初始含量越高的点位下降幅度越大的趋势;同时,土壤容重呈整体上升趋势,表层和亚表层土壤分别上升12.14%和17.09%。不同土壤类型不同层次土壤中均表现出黑土平均有机质含量下降幅度最大,而草甸土平均有机质含量却有上升;同时,所有土壤类型的平均容重均有上升,且以暗棕壤上升幅度最大。此外,影响土壤有机质的因素中,土壤全氮、耕层厚度、全磷、坡度均与土壤有机质变化呈正相关性,其中全氮和全磷与有机质变化协同性最强;而土壤容重变化则更大程度上受到黏粒含量、气候因素(有效积温和年均降水量)和地形因素(坡度)的影响。综上,嫩江市土壤有机质和容重的变化受到土壤、气候和地形等多重因素影响,以后应着重解决嫩江市西南部土壤培肥和犁底层消除等问题。
【Objective】To ensure the sustainable development of agriculture,this study aimed to clarify the temporal and spatial changes of soil organic matter,bulk density,and driving factors for Nenjiang City’s“thinning and hardening”list.【Method】Nenjiang City is located in the core area of typical black soil distribution in China.In 2023,a field survey was conducted at the same locations as the Second National Soil Survey to reassess the current soil conditions.The key soil properties measured in this study included soil organic matter,bulk density,and other physicochemical characteristics at two soil depths(0-20 cm and 20-40 cm).The“point-to-point”method was used to visually reflect the spatiotemporal changes in soil properties over the past 40 years.Furthermore,correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were employed to explore the factors influencing the changes in soil organic matter and bulk density in Nenjiang City.【Result】The distribution of soil organic matter and bulk density in Nenjiang City showed significant spatial differences.The organic matter was higher in the east and lower in the west,and the bulk density was higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast.The results showed that in the past 43 years,with the intensities of human activities such as agricultural production,the organic matter content of cultivated soil in the Nenjiang black soil area showed an overall decreasing trend,with that of the surface decreasing by 11.89%and the subsurface by 6.99%compared with 1980.It was observed that locations initially having higher organic matter content experienced a significant decline.In addition,the bulk density of cultivated land in the Nenjiang black soil area showed an overall upward trend,with that of the surface increasing by 12.14%and the subsurface by 17.09%compared with 1980.In different soil types,the decline in average organic matter content was the greatest in black soil,while the average organic matter content in meadow soil increased.At the same time,the average bulk density increased across all soil types,with the greatest increase observed in dark brown earth.In addition,among the factors influencing soil organic matter,total nitrogen,tillage layer thickness,total phosphorus,and slope were all positively correlated with changes in soil organic matter.Among these,total nitrogen and total phosphorus showed the strongest correlation with organic matter variation.On the other hand,changes in soil bulk density were more strongly influenced by clay content,climatic factors(effective accumulated temperature and annual precipitation),and topographic factors(slope).【Conclusion】Based on the above results,the changes in soil organic matter and bulk density in Nenjiang City are influenced by multiple factors,including soil properties,climate,and topography.Future efforts should focus on addressing issues such as soil fertility improvement and the elimination of plowpans in the southwestern part of Nenjiang City.
作者
刘星诺
秦诗涵
李德成
张骏达
胡文友
迟凤琴
张超
孙继光
徐英德
汪景宽
LIU Xingnuo;QIN Shihan;LI Decheng;ZHANG Junda;HU Wenyou;CHI Fengqin;ZHANG Chao;SUN Jiguang;XU Yingde;WANG Jingkuan(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization,Harbin 150086,China;College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《土壤学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1598-1610,共13页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500202)
国家自然科学基金项目(42207383)资助。
关键词
黑土地
土壤有机质
土壤容重
时空变化
驱动因素
Black land
Soil organic matter
Soil bulk density
Spatiotemporal variation
Driving factor
