摘要
作为工程装备的关键结构材料,高强钢的疲劳性能直接影响着工程装备的服役安全。然而,随着强度的提升,高强钢对内部缺陷愈发敏感,使疲劳开裂机制由基体主导转变为缺陷主导,导致其固有的高强度潜力难以充分发挥。本文系统综述了缺陷诱导高强钢疲劳开裂领域的重要研究进展,重点梳理了该领域从经验模型向物理判据、从单一尺寸维度向多因素统一准则的演进历程。研究建立了缺陷临界尺寸判据,突破了传统的“零缺陷”理念。通过引入缺陷形状和类型的量化因子,修正并发展了Murakami经典模型,构建了融合缺陷尺寸、形状与类型协同作用的疲劳开裂统一准则;提出了内禀的缺陷风险指数,实现了对不同缺陷诱导疲劳开裂风险的精准量化。在此基础上,凝练形成“协同调控强韧性与缺陷”的抗疲劳设计策略,为高强钢在工程应用中经济高效地实现疲劳性能优化提供了坚实的理论基础与前瞻指引。
The fatigue performance of high-strength steels,as key structural materials,directly govern the service safety of engineering equipment.However,the enhancement of tensile strength markedly increases the sensitivity to defects,shifting the dominant fatigue cracking mechanism from matrix-dominating to defect-dominating,thereby restricting the exploitation of their inherent high-strength potential.This paper comprehensively reviews major breakthroughs concerning the fatigue cracking induced by defects in highstrength steels,with a particular focus on tracing the evolution from empirical models to physics-based criteria,and from a single-dimensional consideration of size toward a unified multi-factor framework.A critical defect size criterion was established,moving beyond the conventional“zero-defect”doctrine.By introducing quantitative factors for defect shape and type,the classical Murakami’s model was significantly enhanced,leading to a novel unified fatigue cracking criterion that integrates the synergistic effects of defect size,shape and type.Furthermore,an intrinsic defect risk index was proposed,enabling precise quantification of the fatigue cracking risk associated with different defects.Building upon this foundation,a proactive anti-fatigue design strategy,centered on the synergistic regulation of material strength-toughness and defect characteristics,was formulated.This work provides a robust theoretical basis and strategic direction for economical and efficient fatigue performance optimization in advanced high-strength steel components.
作者
邵子恒
王鹏
张鹏
朱艳坤
许自宽
王斌
谷雪忠
张哲峰
SHAO Ziheng;WANG Peng;ZHANG Peng;ZHU Yankun;XU Zikuan;WANG Bin;GU Xuezhong;ZHANG Zhefeng(Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang Liaoning 110016,China)
出处
《华北理工大学学报(自然科学版)》
2026年第1期21-28,共8页
Journal of North China University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52371123)。
关键词
高强钢
疲劳开裂
缺陷
临界尺寸
强韧性
抗疲劳设计
High-strength steel
Fatigue cracking
defect
Critical size
Strength-toughness
Anti-fatigue design
