摘要
合格的反滤层是防止土体渗透破坏最有效的措施,是保证堤坝安全的后盾。为了进一步审视渗流出口反滤排水设施的完备性及其工作性态,从反滤层保护渗流出口Terzaghi“滤土减压”工作机理入手,结合“分区协同、联防联控”、“一防二限三滤四排”渗流防控理念,剖析了面板堆石坝结构和功能分区中垫层料区、过渡料区和反滤排水体的作用和技术要求。针对面板堆石坝工程实践中不均匀沉降裂缝防控及垫层反滤排水系统设置问题,指出防渗面板首当其冲是堆石体渗透稳定和工程安全的生命线。结果表明:“L”型烟囱式垫层反滤排水系统是渗流防控体系最后的底牌,不容或缺;同时指出严格进行坝体结构和功能分区的面板堆石坝,有完备的“L”型烟囱式垫层反滤排水系统对坝体内部渗流进行有效拦截和有序疏导,坝体的渗透稳定和安全是有保障的,不必局限于一定要绝对避免防渗面板出现裂缝进行“防裂抗裂”设计,而应在限制裂缝开展“限裂”设计的同时更加重视下游侧渗流出口是否设置有合格的反滤排水设施。
A qualified filter layer is the most effective measure to prevent soil seepage failure and a backing for ensuring the safety of dams and dikes.To further examine the completeness and working performance of filter and drainage facilities at seepage outlets,starting from the working mechanism of Terzaghi's"soil filtration and pressure reduction"for filter layers protecting seepage outlets,combined with the seepage prevention and control concepts of"zoned coordination,joint prevention and control"and"first prevention,second restriction,third filtration,fourth drainage",this paper analyzes the functions and technical requirements of the cushion material zone,transition material zone and filter drainage body in the structural and functional zoning of concrete face rockfill dams.Aiming at the problems of uneven settlement crack prevention and control and the setting of cushion filter drainage systems in the engineering practice of concrete face rockfill dams,it is pointed out that the anti-seepage face slab is the primary lifeline for the seepage stability of the rockfill body and engineering safety.The results show that the"L"-shaped chimney-type cushion filter drainage system is the last card of the seepage prevention and control system and is indispensable;meanwhile,it is pointed out that for concrete face rockfill dams with strict structural and functional zoning,if there is a complete"L"-shaped chimney-type cushion filter drainage system to effectively intercept and orderly divert the internal seepage of the dam body,the seepage stability and safety of the dam body are guaranteed.There is no need to be limited to the"crack prevention and resistance"design that must absolutely avoid cracks in the anti-seepage face slab;instead,while adopting the"crack restriction"design to limit crack development,more attention should be paid to whether qualified filter and drainage facilities are installed at the seepage outlets on the downstream side.
作者
赵川
孔令学
王博
李帆
ZHAO Chuan;KONG Lingxue;WANG Bo;LI Fan(Huaneng Tibet Power Generation Co.,Ltd.,Lasa 850005,China;PowerChina Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited,Kunming 650041,China;Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610041,China;Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)
出处
《西北水电》
2025年第6期116-121,共6页
Northwest Hydropower
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52479099)
云南省院士及科技领军人才专项(206188405010)。
关键词
面板堆石坝分区
渗透稳定
渗流防控措施
反滤层
级配碎石垫层区
烟囱式排水体
Zoning of concrete face rockfill dams
Seepage stability
Seepage prevention and control measures
Filter layer
Graded crushed stone cushion zone
Chimney-type drainage body
