摘要
新疆棉田钾素多存在于难溶性矿物中,化学钾肥利用率低且过量施加易致盐渍化。解钾菌(KSB)可提高钾有效性并促进作物生长,但在干旱区的施用效果受频率、浓度和菌种影响,缺乏优化方案。因此,本文立足新疆农业实际,以新疆典型灰漠土为基质,通过盆栽试验对比铜绿假单胞菌A、商用胶质芽孢杆菌J及复合菌剂D在不同施用频率〔每隔5 d(T5)、每隔7 d(T7)、每隔15 d(T15)〕和不同施用浓度〔109 CFU·mL^(-1)(N1)、108 CFU·mL^(-1)(N2)〕下对棉花-土壤系统钾循环,棉花根际微生态及生理生长的影响,并设置对照试验(CK1:灭活菌+常规钾肥;CK2:仅常规钾肥)。结果表明:(1)铜绿假单胞菌A表现最优,显著提高土壤水溶性钾(+17.32%)、速效钾(+6.88%)和钾钠比(+40.65%),并促进根系发育(根长+23.41%)及钾吸收(蕾部钾+11.42%),同时增强光合作用(净光合速率+57.87%)和干物质累积(蕾干重+18.62%)。(2)胶质芽孢杆菌J在苗期促生效果显著(株高+69.08%),但后期溶钾能力不足(缓效钾+12.43%);复合菌剂D则兼具稳定性与协同效应,全生育期变异系数低于15%,适合均衡供钾。(3)优化试验表明,高浓度(109 CFU·mL^(-1),N1)和7 d施用频率(T7)最佳,其组合A-N1-T7效果最佳(平均得分0.9458),显著提高土壤钾素(速效钾+10.73%、钾钠比+60.93%)、植株生长(叶面积+55.85%)及光合效率(净光合速率+89.15%),并促进棉铃和根系发育(蕾干重+25.52%、根体积+47.11%)。研究结果为阐明新疆棉田中解钾促生菌对棉花-土壤系统钾素循环及促生效果的机制提供了新的策略,有助于提高KSB在可持续农业中的应用潜力。
Potassium in Xinjiang cotton fields predominantly exists as insoluble minerals,where low utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers and their excessive application may lead to salinization.Potassium-solubilizing bacteria(KSB)can enhance potassium availability and promote crop growth but their effectiveness in arid regions is influenced by their application frequency,concentration,and bacterial strains,with no optimized protocols.Therefore,this study,based on Xinjiang’s agricultural realities,used typical loess soil as a substrate.Through pot culture experiments,we compared the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa A,commercial Bacillus cereus J,and a composite microbial agent D on potassium cycling in cotton-soil systems,rhizosphere microecology,and growth physiology under different application frequencies(T5,T7,and T15)and concentrations(N1 and N2).Control experiments(CK1:inactivated bacteria+conventional potassium fertilizer;CK2:conventional potassium fertilizer only)were established.The results indicated that:(1)P.aeruginosa(A)demonstrated optimal performance,significantly increasing soil water-soluble potassium(+17.32%),available potassium(+6.88%),and potassium-to-sodium ratio(+40.65%).Moreover,it promoted root development(+23.41%)and potassium uptake in the bud area(+11.42%)while enhancing photosynthesis(net photosynthetic rate+57.87%)and dry matter accumulation(bud weight+18.62%).(2)B.cereus(J)showed significant seedling-stage growth promotion(plant height+69.08%)but limited later-stage potassium solubility(available potassium+12.43%).The composite microbial agent(D)exhibited stable and synergistic effects,with a coefficient of variation under 15%throughout the growth period,making it a suitable agent for balanced potassium supply.(3)Optimization experiments demonstrated that high bacterial concentrations(109 CFU·mL^(-1),N1)and a 7-day application frequency(T7)yielded the best results.The combined regimen A-N1-T7 achieved optimal performance with an average score of 0.9458,significantly enhancing soil potassium levels(available potassium+10.73%and potassium-to-sodium ratio+60.93%),plant growth(leaf area+55.85%),and photosynthetic efficiency(net photosynthetic rate+89.15%).Furthermore,it promoted boll and root development(buds dry weight+25.52%and root volume+47.11%).The study findings provide new strategies for elucidating the mechanisms of potassium-depleting probiotics in potassium cycling and their growth-promoting effects in the cotton-soil system in Xinjiang cotton fields,thereby enhancing the application potential of KSB in sustainable agriculture.
作者
赵涛
梁洪榜
王振华
张继红
张金珠
赵越
李德燚
ZHAO Tao;LIANG Hongbang;WANG Zhenhua;ZHANG Jihong;ZHANG Jinzhu;ZHAO Yue;LI Deyi(College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation Corps,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Corps Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Key Equipment Technology Innovation Center,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《干旱区研究》
北大核心
2025年第12期2327-2342,共16页
Arid Zone Research
基金
兵团中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2025YD17)
兵团第三师“揭榜挂帅”项目(KY2024JBGS07)
石河子大学创新发展专项(CXFZ202304)。
关键词
根系解钾菌
棉花
钾素活化
施加策略
促生作用
root potassium-depleting bacteria
cotton
potassium activation
application strategy
growth promotion
