摘要
基于气象和环境空气质量监测数据,分析2017—2024年江西省烟花燃放政策变化对春节期间城市环境空气质量的影响,并结合PM_(2.5)组分监测数据,探究了2023—2024年部分城市放宽烟花爆竹燃放限制后的空气质量恶化情况及相应原因。结果表明:自2018年江西省实施城区全面禁燃禁放政策以来,春节期间空气质量显著改善。但2023年后,随着部分城市燃放限制的放宽,春节期间空气质量明显恶化。PM_(2.5)组分分析发现,2023、2024年春节期间,典型城市PM_(2.5)中与烟花爆竹燃放密切相关的微量元素、SO_(4)^(2-)及CI^(-)等组分占比上升明显,上升时段主要集中于除夕18:00至正月初一。通过PM_(2.5)与CO的比值法、PMF模型解析发现,烟花爆竹燃放源贡献占比为43.7%~79.3%。值得注意的是,2023年实施城区限时燃放的赣州市,其烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量的贡献率显著高于其他城市。因此,燃放政策贸然放宽会导致空气质量急剧下降,需科学制定管控措施以平衡传统习俗与环境保护。
Based on meteorological and ambient air quality monitoring data,this paper examined the impact of changes in firework and firecracker regulation on urban ambient air quality during the Spring Festival in Jiangxi Province from 2017 to 2024.Using PM_(2.5)component monitoring data,the deterioration of air quality and corresponding causes after the relaxation of firework and firecracker restrictions in some cities in 2023-2024 were investigated.The findings indicate that since the comprehensive ban on fireworks and firecrackers in urban areas of Jiangxi Province was implemented in 2018,air quality during the Spring Festival has significantly improved.However,after 2023,as some cities relaxed restrictions on fireworks and firecrackers,air quality during the Spring Festival noticeably deteriorated.PM_(2.5)component analysis of revealed that during the Spring Festival of 2023 and 2024,the proportion of trace elements,SO_(4)^(2-),and CI^(-)in PM_(2.5)closely associated with fireworks and firecrackers burning significantly increased in typical cities,with the most notable increases occurring from 18:00 on New Year's Eve to the following Day.Utilizing the PM_(2.5)/CO ratio method and PMF model analysis,it was determined that the contribution of fireworks and firecrackers to PM_(2.5)ranged from 43.7%to 79.3%,representing a significant contributor to air quality pollution during the Spring Festival.Notably,Ganzhou City,which implemented time-limited firework and firecracker burning in urban areas in 2023,exhibited a notably higher contribution rate of fireworks compared to other cities.Hence,hastily allowing time-limited burning can lead to a sharp decline in air quality,and scientifically formulated control measures are needed to balance traditional customs with environmental protection.
作者
罗勇
刘镇
彭戈
张宇
曹炳伟
王东方
武云霞
朱剑玲
曹婷
李博约
LUO Yong;LIU Zhen;PENG Ge;ZHANG Yu;CAO Bingwei;WANG Dongfang;WU Yunxia;ZHU Jianling;CAO Ting;LI Boyue(Jiangxi Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Nanchang 330039,China;Jiangxi Esun Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 330077,China;Advanced Manufacturing School,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;Changsha Environmental Protection Vocational College,Changsha 410004,China)
出处
《中国环境监测》
北大核心
2025年第6期114-123,共10页
Environmental Monitoring in China
基金
生态环境部重金属污染监测重点实验室开放基金项目(KLMHM202438)。
关键词
春节
烟花爆竹
颗粒物
定量评估
the Spring Festival
fireworks and firecrackers
particulate matte
quantitative assessment
