摘要
鄱阳湖作为中国最大的淡水湖,是东亚雁类重要的越冬地。本研究利用2019-2024年的卫星追踪数据,分析了白额雁(Anser albifrons)、鸿雁(Anser cygnoides)和豆雁(Anser fabalis)的迁徙时间节律和空间分布特征,并结合停留时间和家域分布,量化了鄱阳湖碟形湖的重要性。结果显示:不同雁类到达和离开时间存在物候差异。白额雁最早到达(10月15日-10月27日),其次是鸿雁(10月9日-11月30日),豆雁到达最晚(11月1日-11月17日),3种雁类在鄱阳湖越冬的时间分别约为(149±8)、(128±26)和(123±5)d。从迁徙时间动态来看,白额雁、豆雁相对稳定,年际差异较小,而鸿雁年际差异较大。空间分析表明,保护区内的碟形湖仍然是雁类最重要的分布区,同时雁类在保护区外的停留时间和家域面积都在增加,特别是豆雁和鸿雁。本研究量化了雁类对碟形湖的停留时间和空间利用,强调了其在支持迁徙雁类种群方面的生态作用,同时识别了雁类的重要保护区域,并确定了保护空缺区。建议扩大保护区范围以涵盖现有保护空缺,同时加强保护区内外栖息地管理,以确保雁类重要越冬栖息地的可持续性。本研究结果可为精准识别雁类关键栖息地、制定针对性的栖息地保护策略提供科学依据。
Lake Poyang,China's largest freshwater lake,is a crucial wintering ground for East Asian geese.This study used satellite tracking data from 2019 to 2024 to analyze the migratory phenology and spatial distribution patterns of the greater white-fronted goose(Anser albifrons),swan goose(Anser cygnoides),and bean goose(Anser fabalis).Integrating duration and home range data allowed us to quantify the importance of sub-lakes in Lake Poyang for these species.Our results demonstrate phenological differences in arrival and departure timing among the species of geese.Greater white-fronted geese arrived earliest(15th to 27th October),followed by swan geese(9th October to 30th November),with bean geese arriving latest(1st to 17th November).The average duration of overwintering in Lake Poyang was approximately(149±8)d for greater white-fronted geese,(123±5)d for bean geese,and(128±26)d for swan geese.Analysis of migratory timing dynamics revealed relative stability and low interannual variation for greater white-fronted and bean geese,while swan geese exhibited greater interannual variability.Protected areas remained the most important distribution areas for geese.However,an increasing duration and expansion of the home range outside of protected areas were observed,particularly for bean and swan geese.This study quantified the duration and spatial utilization of geese in sub-lakes,highlighting their ecological role in supporting migratory goose populations.It also identified important conservation areas for geese and determined protection gaps.We recommend expanding the boundaries of protected areas to encompass these gaps and enhancing habitat management measures within and beyond these areas to ensure the long-term sustainability of these vital wintering habitats.This research provides scientific evidence to support the identification of critical habitats and the development of targeted conservation strategies for geese and their habitats.
作者
黄薇霖
夏少霞
于秀波
Huang Weilin;Xia Shaoxia;Yu Xiubo(Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,P.R.China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,P.R.China)
出处
《湖泊科学》
北大核心
2026年第1期277-289,I0036-I0041,共19页
Journal of Lake Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42171105)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204104)联合资助。
