摘要
草海作为我国亚热带高原湿地生态系统的典型代表,拥有丰富的水生动植物资源和极高的生态价值。然而,近年来草海水体富营养化状态加剧,沉水植物大量消亡,正逐步由草型湖泊向藻型湖泊转变,这一变化对草海生态系统功能和生物多样性产生了深远影响。本文基于2022-2023年的野外调查,系统研究了草海大型底栖动物群落的现状和特征,并比较了其与草海草型湖泊期间(1983年和2014年)的差异,揭示了草-藻型稳态转换过程中草海大型底栖动物群落的响应机制。结果显示,现阶段,草海大型底栖动物平均密度为(145.14±16.62)ind./m^(2),平均生物量为(14.85±14.02)g/m^(2),Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均值为0.73±0.06,Margalef丰富度指数均值为0.36±0.03,Pielou均匀度指数均值为0.66±0.04,功能摄食类群收集者、捕食者、刮食者和滤食者的相对丰度分别为94.69%、2.81%、1.58%和0.92%。研究发现,大型底栖动物群落的空间分布特征与沉水植物分布格局基本一致,生物量呈现出秋季和冬季显著高于春季和夏季的特征,大型底栖动物其他群落结构特征的季节间差异不显著。冗余分析结果表明,溶解氧、水深、pH值、高锰酸盐指数(COD Mn)、透明度(SD)和电导率是影响草海大型底栖动物群落结构变化的主要环境因子。近20年来草海COD Mn持续升高,稳态转换后叶绿素a浓度上升,SD逐年下降。比较研究发现,草海大型底栖动物群落在草型清水态时以刮食者(腹足纲)为主,而藻型浊水态时则以收集者(颤蚓科和摇蚊科)为主,且草型湖泊阶段大型底栖动物的物种数、密度、生物量和物种多样性指数均高于藻型湖泊阶段。本研究有助于全面评估草海水生态系统现状,了解高原淡水湖泊稳态转换过程中大型底栖动物群落的响应,为开展针对性的生态修复工作提供重要的科学依据。
Lake Caohai is a noteworthy example of a subtropical plateau wetland ecosystem in China.It is distinguished by its substantial aquatic flora and fauna resources and its significant ecological value.However,recent intensification of eutrophication has triggered a massive decline of submerged macrophytes,driving a gradual regime shift from a macrophyte-dominated clear-water state to an algae-dominated turbid-water state.This has had a profound impact on ecosystem functions and biodiversity.This study is based on field investigations conducted during 2022-2023.The aim of the study was to systematically examine the current status and characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in Lake Caohai.The study also compared these communities with historical data from macrophyte-dominated periods(1983 and 2014).This approach enabled the revelation of the response mechanisms of macroinvertebrate communities during the regime shift.The results demonstrated that the current macroinvertebrate communities exhibited a mean density of(145.14±16.62)ind./m^(2)and a biomass of(14.85±14.02)g/m^(2),with a Shannon-Wiener diversity index(0.73±0.06),a Margalef richness index(0.36±0.03),and a Pielou evenness index(0.66±0.04).The composition of the feeding groups was as follows:94.69%were collectors,2.81%were predators,1.58%were scrapers,and 0.92%were filter-feeders.The spatial distribution patterns of macroinvertebrate communities exhibited a correspondence with the distribution of submerged macrophytes.Biomass demonstrated significant seasonal variation,with higher levels observed in autumn and winter compared to spring and summer.In contrast,other community characteristics exhibited no significant seasonal differences.Redundancy analysis identified dissolved oxygen,water depth,pH,permanganate index(COD Mn),transparency(SD),and conductivity as key environmental drivers.Over a period of more than two decades,COD Mn demonstrated a persistent increase,while chlorophyll-a concentration rose and SD declined on an annual basis in the period following the regime shift.A comparative analysis was conducted,revealing a predominance of scrapers(Gastropoda)during the clear-water state over gather-collectors(Tubificidae and Chironomidae)in the turbid-water state.The study observed higher species richness,density,biomass,and diversity indices during the macrophyte-dominated phase.This study provides a scientific foundation that is critical for a comprehensive evaluation of the status of the aquatic ecosystem in Lake Caohai.This evaluation involves an analysis of the responses of macroinvertebrates during shifts in the regime of plateau lakes,and the implementation of targeted ecological restoration measures.
作者
张瀚文
周婷
匡晨亿
张平
党安志
郭传波
Zhang Hanwen;Zhou Ting;Kuang Chenyi;Zhang Ping;Dang Anzhi;Guo Chuanbo(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,P.R.China;State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;Guizhou Caohai National Nature Reserve Management Committee,Bijie 553100,P.R.China;Guizhou Environmental Science Research and Design Institute,Guiyang 550081,P.R.China)
出处
《湖泊科学》
北大核心
2026年第1期264-276,I0034,I0035,共15页
Journal of Lake Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2400900
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-45)
贵州省生态环境厅环境科技项目(2021000261)联合资助。
关键词
大型底栖动物
草海
群落演替
湖泊稳态转换
水生态修复
Macroinvertebrate
Lake Caohai
community succession
regime shift
aquatic ecosystem restoration
