摘要
湖库型水源地是我国重要水源,对保障区域供水安全发挥着举足轻重的作用。本文以引滦入津工程水源地——潘家口水库为研究对象,构建了三维水动力-水质数学模型,开展了水库调度、入库硝酸盐浓度等条件变化下水库底部缺氧的响应研究,提出了防控水库底部缺氧的综合策略。本文采用2017-2018年的水库实测数据,验证了模型的可靠性。研究发现:水库调度与硝酸盐浓度对库底溶解氧浓度的影响显著,在热分层中后期水库下泄水量增大,库底缺氧持续时间和缺氧严重程度显著降低;大幅度降低来水硝酸盐浓度后,库底缺氧持续时间、缺氧严重程度和影响范围均显著增加。结合水库实际调度运行情况和供水水质达标的要求,本文建议:1)潘家口水库与下游大黑汀水库联合调度,将每年1-4月和9-12月的下泄水量调整至10月中下旬集中下泄,优化后库底严重缺氧持续时间和最大缺氧面积可分别缩减54%和23%;2)建议开展流域治污,将上游来水硝酸盐浓度降低至1.5~2.0 mg/L,在保证下泄水体总氮达标的同时,能够最大限度地发挥硝酸盐对库底耗氧的缓解作用。本文从“水库上游污染源控制-库区底部缺氧防控-下游水质达标”多角度有针对性地制定水库水质保护综合策略,可为深水型水源水库水环境保护与修复提供科学指导。
Lake and reservoir-type water sources play a vital role in ensuring regional water security and are crucial to China's water supply.This study focused on the Panjiakou Reservoir,which is a vital water source for the Luanhe-Tianjin Water Diversion Project.A three-dimensional numerical model was used to reveal how bottom hypoxia responds to varying reservoir operations and nitrate concentrations in the inflow.Based on these findings,we have proposed comprehensive strategies for preventing and controlling bottom hypoxia.In this paper,measured reservoir data from 2017 to 2018 were used to verify the model's reliability.The results showed that increasing the outflow from the reservoir significantly shortened the duration of bottom hypoxia and reduced its severity during the later stage of thermal stratification.Furthermore,a substantial reduction in nitrate concentration in the inflow resulted in a notable increase in the duration,severity and spatial extent of bottom hypoxia.Based on the reservoir's actual operation and the water supply quality standards,this article makes the following suggestions:1)Joint scheduling with the downstream Daheiting Reservoir should be implemented,with adjustments to outflow volumes made during January-April and September-December to concentrate discharge in mid-to-late October.This optimization could reduce the duration of severe hypoxia and the maximum hypoxic area by 54%and 23%,respectively.Secondly,we recommend reducing the upstream nitrate concentration to 1.5-2.0 mg/L as part of watershed pollution control efforts.This approach would ensure that the total nitrogen concentration in the discharged water meets the required standards while maximizing the nitrate's mitigating effect on bottom hypoxia.Our study proposes a comprehensive strategy for protecting the quality of reservoir water from multiple perspectives,including'controlling the concentration of pollution sources upstream,preventing reservoir hypoxia and ensuring compliance with downstream water quality standards,which are important for protecting and restoring aquatic environments in deep water source reservoirs.
作者
余晓
诸葛亦斯
刘晓波
杜强
李国强
谭红武
许旭明
Yu Xiao;Zhuge Yisi;Liu Xiaobo;Du Qiang;Li Guoqiang;Tan Hongwu;Xu Xuming(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,P.R.China)
出处
《湖泊科学》
北大核心
2026年第1期142-153,I0016,共13页
Journal of Lake Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U2340224)资助。
关键词
深水型水源水库
水质模拟
溶解氧
水环境保护
潘家口水库
Deep water source reservoirs
water quality simulation
dissolved oxygen
water environment protection
Panjiakou Reservoir
