摘要
湖泊和水库(简称“湖库”)是长江经济带绿色高质量发展的“动力源”,也是保障长江经济带沿线城市和京津冀豫饮用水安全的“压舱石”,明晰水源地湖库空间分布及其水质演化有助于提升饮用水安全保障能力。本文整合生态环境统计信息,构建了长江经济带沿线11个省市县级及以上集中式饮用水水源地数据集。分析发现,2025年全部1557个县级及以上集中式饮用水水源地中,湖库型水源地762个,占比为49.0%,分布在23个湖泊和682个水库中。过去10年,无论是地级还是县级集中式饮用水水源地中,湖库型水源地数量和占比均有明显上升,凸显了湖库在保障城市饮用水安全中的关键作用。长时序Landsat卫星遥感反演结果显示,1986年以来长江经济带饮用水水源地湖库透明度呈现显著上升趋势,从1986年的(1.41±0.78)m提升至2024年的(1.94±1.35)m,水体整体变清,但湖泊和水库存在明显分异,其中湖泊透明度有所下降,而水库透明度则显著上升;47个水源地湖库2005-2024年溶解氧、总氮、氨氮、总磷和生化需氧量5个关键水质指标长期定位监测显示,水源地湖库水质整体呈现显著改善,其中总氮和总磷分别由2005年的1.90和0.100 mg/L降低到2024年的1.30和0.052 mg/L,但水源地水库总氮浓度没有明显改善甚至有所上升。当前,水源地湖库保护治理与可持续发展仍面临流域外源污染负荷过高和内源污染释放增加,氮、磷营养盐超标及其引发的蓝藻水华,沉水植被退化和生物多样性下降,以及全球气候变化引起的极端洪水和干旱频发等多重风险和挑战。
Lakes and reservoirs(collectively termed lake-reservoirs)are critical for both the green,high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and for securing drinking water for their urban centers and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Henan region.Understanding the spatial distribution and water quality trends of these drinking water sources is therefore essential for enhancing security management.This study compiled a dataset of prefecture-level and county-level centralized drinking water sources across the belt's 11 provinces and municipalities by integrating ecological and environmental statistics.The results reveal that,of the 1557 centralized drinking water sources in 2025,762(49.0%)are lake-reservoir types,distributed across 23 lakes and 682 reservoirs.Over the past decade,the number and proportion of these sources have increased significantly,underscoring their growing importance.Long-term Landsat satellite remote sensing indicates that since 1986,the Secchi disk depth,a measure of water transparency,has shown a significant increasing trend across these water bodies,rising from(1.41±0.78)m in 1986 to(1.94±1.35)m in 2024.However,trends diverge between water body types,with lake transparency declining while reservoir transparency has improved markedly.Furthermore,an analysis of five key water quality parameters-dissolved oxygen,total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus,and biochemical oxygen demand-in 47 drinking water source lakes and reservoirs from 2005 to 2024 showed an overall improvement.Concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus decreased from 1.90 and 0.100 mg/L in 2005 to 1.30 and 0.052 mg/L in 2024,respectively.Despite this overall trend,total nitrogen concentrations in reservoirs have not improved significantly and have even increased in some instances.Consequently,the protection,governance,and sustainable development of these vital water sources continue to face challenges,including excessive external pollution loads,increased internal nutrient release,high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations contributing to cyanobacterial blooms,degradation of submerged vegetation,decline in biodiversity,and the increasing frequency of extreme hydrological events due to global climate change.
作者
张运林
林伟鹏
王金玲
肖长垣
张毅博
邓建明
Zhang Yunlin;Lin Weipeng;Wang Jinling;Xiao Changyuan;Zhang Yibo;Deng Jianming(State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing(UCASNJ),Nanjing 211135,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China)
出处
《湖泊科学》
北大核心
2026年第1期1-14,共14页
Journal of Lake Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204100)
江苏省生态环境科研项目成果转化与推广项目(2023003)
中国科学院学部咨询评议项目(2023-ZW-09-A-025)联合资助。
关键词
湖库
长江经济带
集中式饮用水水源地
水质
透明度
Lakes and reservoirs
Yangtze River Economic Belt
centralized drinking water sources
water quality
transparency
