摘要
英国在生物质能技术创新、政策体系构建及全产业链协同等领域形成了特色化实践。2023年英国《生物质战略2023》发布,推动生物质能成为净零碳排放转型的关键支柱。英国形成了生物质能战略相关体系化组织架构;建立了内外协同产业创新机制;建立了多层次、动态演进的全链条式监管框架;为技术创新提供人才保障,通过公众参与降低政策实施阻力。英国生物质能战略的实施在能源结构优化、温室气体减排、技术创新及经济效益和社会效益等方面都取得了显著的进展,其发展经验可为中国破解生物质能产业困局提供有益启示:一是强化关键技术攻关,聚焦生物质转化效率提升、污染物控制及多场景应用等方向开展产学研合作;二是构建公众认知与参与体系,通过科普宣传引导社会资本与农户参与生物质资源收集利用;三是完善人才培养机制,培育覆盖技术研发、产业运营、政策设计的复合型人才队伍。通过系统性布局,最终实现能源供给结构优化、碳排放强度下降与生态环境质量提升的多重目标。
The UK has developed distinctive approaches in biomass technology innovation,policy system development,and cross-sectoral collaboration.The"Biomass Strategy 2023"was introduced to advance biomass energy as a critical pillar of the transition toward net-zero carbon emissions,foster a systematic organizational framework for the biomass strategy,establish internal and external synergies in industrial innovation mechanisms,and construct a multi-tiered,dynamically evolving regulatory system spanning the entire chain to provide talent support for technological innovation and mitigates policy implementation barriers through public engagement.The implementation of the UK's biomass strategy has yielded significant outcomes in optimizing the energy mix,reducing greenhouse gas emissions,fostering technological innovation,and delivering socioeconomic benefits.These experiences offer such valuable insights for China in addressing challenges within its biomass industry as enhancing R&D in critical technologies with a focus on biomass conversion efficiency,pollutant control,and multi-scenario applications through industry-academia-research collaboration,establishing a public awareness and engagement system supported by scientific outreach to facilitate social capitals and farmers involvement in biomass resources collection and utilization,and improving talent cultivation mechanisms to develop multidisciplinary professionals skilled in technology R&D,industrial operations,and policy design.Diversifying the energy supply structure,lowering carbon emission intensity,and enhancing environmental quality can be achieved through such systematic layouts.
作者
谌爱华
米丽
SHEN Aihua;MI Li(College of Humanities and Law,China University of Petroleum(East China))
出处
《国际石油经济》
2025年第11期22-35,共14页
International Petroleum Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金项目21BFX143的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
生物质能
生物质能-碳捕集与封存
碳减排
英国
启示
biomass energy
bio-energy with carbon capture and storage
carbon emission reduction
the United Kingdom
enlightenment
