摘要
随着深空探测与空间基础设施建设的快速发展,超大型空间结构的在轨组装已成为航天领域的重要研究方向。本文面向基于模块化航天器集群自主交会对接的在轨组装技术:梳理了从人工辅助组装向自主集群组装的范式转变,回顾了国际上典型的在轨组装项目的技术特征;综述了刚体航天器的六自由度耦合建模方法与柔性航天器的刚柔耦合动力学建模进展,对比了浮动坐标法、绝对节点坐标法及几何精确法对于不同系统和工况的适用性;论述了基于图搜索、树搜索、强化学习等方法的航天器集群任务和路径规划策略;介绍了在轨组装过程中的路径跟踪控制、航天器间避撞控制和振动抑制控制等关键技术;总结了水浮法、气浮法等地面模拟试验技术的局限性以及数字孪生技术在虚实融合试验中的潜力;针对系统动力学、自主组装规划、航天器控制技术以及地面试验等方面对未来的研究方向进行了展望。
With the rapid development of deep space exploration and space infrastructure construction,the on-orbit assembly of ultra-largescale space structures has been recognized as a critical research area in the aerospace engineering.Autonomous on-orbit assembly technology based on modular spacecraft clusters through rendezvous and docking is systematically overviewed in this paper.The paradigm shift from human-assisted assembly to autonomous cluster assembly is first reviewed,along with technical characteristics of representative international on-orbit assembly projects.Advancements in six-degree-of-freedom modeling for rigid spacecraft and rigid-flexible coupling dynamics for flexible spacecraft are summarized,and the applicability of the floating coordinate formulation,absolute nodal coordinate formulation,and geometrically exact method is comparatively analyzed for diverse systems and operational scenarios.Task and path planning strategies for spacecraft clusters based on graph search,tree search,and reinforcement learning are discussed.Key control technologies,such as trajectory tracking control,inter-satellite collision avoidance control,and vibration suppression control,during the assembly process are introduced.The limitations of ground experimental methods(e.g.,water flotation and air bearing)are critically assessed,while the potential of digital twin technology for virtual-physical fusion testing is highlighted.Future research directions are proposed in the field of system dynamics,autonomous assembly planning,spacecraft control technologies,and ground-based experimental validation.
作者
陈提
廖灯亮
刘树杰
程柯心
韦正涛
文浩
CHEN Ti;LIAO Dengliang;LIU Shujie;CHENG Kexin;WEI Zhengtao;WEN Hao(State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)
出处
《振动工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期2847-2864,共18页
Journal of Vibration Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12494562,12472015)
江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20241390)
江苏省卓越博士后计划资助项目(2024ZB114)
南京航空航天大学航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室研究基金资助项目(MCAS-S-0223K03)。
关键词
在轨自主组装
航天器集群
模块化航天器
航天器动力学
运动规划与控制
地面试验
on-orbit autonomous assembly
spacecraft clusters
modular spacecraft
spacecraft dynamics
motion planning and control
ground experiment
