摘要
我国是世界最大的蔬菜生产消费国,水培叶菜是现代设施蔬菜的典型生产形式之一,具有优质、高产、绿色等优势,近年来水培叶菜在植物工厂、玻璃温室等设施园艺场景发展迅速。目前我国水培叶菜收获仍依赖人工作业,劳动强度大、用工成本高,制约了水培叶菜产业的高质量发展。本文在分析国内外水培叶菜产业现状及需求的基础上,探析了国内外水培叶菜智能化收获技术装备的研究现状,将水培叶菜收获装备划分为夹持切割式收获装备、直接切割式收获装备和农业机器人3种类型,并举例分析各自特征、优点及局限性。归纳了水培叶菜收获装备农艺适应性差、收获损伤严重、智能检测效果差等关键问题,并讨论了其解决思路,可为水培叶菜高效低损智能收获装备研发及产业化应用提供参考。
As the world's largest producer and consumer of vegetables,China has witnessed the rapid development of hydroponic leafy vegetables.Hydroponics has become a typical form of modern vegetable production,valued for its high quality,high yield,and eco-friendly attributes,particularly within controlledenvironment agriculture settings such as plant factories and glasshouses.Nonetheless,the harvesting process for hydroponic leafy vegetables in China remains predominantly reliant on manual labor.This dependence is characterized by high labor intensity and substantial employment costs,which consequently impedes the highquality advancement of the hydroponic leafy vegetable industry.Grounded in an examination of the current landscape and demands of the hydroponic leafy vegetable sector both domestically and internationally,this paper investigated the developmental status of intelligent harvesting technologies and equipment.The existing harvesting machinery was categorized into three primary types:clamping and cutting type harvesters,direct cutting type harvesters,and agricultural robots.Each category was elucidated with examples to illustrate their distinct characteristics,advantages,and limitations.Furthermore,the study synthesized critical challenges prevalent in current harvesting equipment,including poor agronomic adaptability,significant harvest-induced damage,and suboptimal intelligent detection efficacy.Corresponding mitigation strategies and potential solutions were deliberated upon.The insights presented herein were intended to provide a valuable reference for the research,development,and subsequent industrial application of efficient,low-damage intelligent harvesting equipment tailored for hydroponic leafy vegetable production.
作者
马义东
齐翀
金鑫
刘国维
冯腾潇
MA Yidong;QI Chong;JIN Xin;LIU Guowei;FENG Tengxiao(College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;Eponic agriculture co.,ltd.,Zhuhai 519000,China)
出处
《现代农业装备》
2025年第6期1-8,共8页
Modern Agricultural Equipment
基金
河南省科技攻关项目(252102111178)
国家自然科学基金项目(52105252)。
关键词
水培叶菜
收获装备
农业机器人
植物工厂
hydroponic leafy vegetables
harvesting equipment
agricultural robots
plant factories
