摘要
建筑多样性及建造灵活性是乡土建筑研究的一个重要议题。以列维-斯特劳斯的修补术理论为基础,对滇西北尼汝村的庄房、晾架、主宅、粮仓、水磨、伸臂桥、牧场住宅、牲畜帐篷等建筑进行测绘和精读,从建筑结构的分层特征出发,提取出凳架、井干、干阑三种核心结构类型。在每种结构类型的内部,通过对结构“原型”的追溯解释构造原理,剖析工匠如何以多样构造应对多重限制。在此基础上,提出“结构工具包”与“构造工具包”的概念,揭示组合建造的原理以及地方传统对工具包中元素数量的限制。研究指出,组合建造是技术不发达地区工匠在多重限制下形成的一种营造战略,是功能、技术、材料与经济等因素相互博弈的产物。
Architectural diversity and construction flexibility are significant research topics in vernacular architecture studies.Building upon Lévi-Strauss's theory of bricolage,this study conducts a detailed survey and mapping of structures in Niru Village,Northwest Yunnan—including farming cottages,drying racks,main houses,granaries,corn racks,water mills,cantilever bridges,grazing cottages,and livestock pens.Starting from the characteristics of building stratification,three core structural types are identified:trestle structures,log construction,and pile structures.For each structural type,the study traces its prototypes to explain structural principles and examines how carpenters employ diverse construction methods to address multiple constraints.The research proposes the concepts of"structural toolkit"and"constructional toolkit,"revealing the compositional logic of structures and constructions,as well as the limited number of compositional elements shaped by local traditions.The study concludes that compositional construction represents a building strategy developed by carpenters in technologically underdeveloped regions facing multiple constraints,and is an outcome of the interplay among functional,technical,material,and economic factors.
出处
《新建筑》
2025年第6期39-45,共7页
New Architecture
基金
欧盟研究理事会巩固基金(101088693)
四川省“天府青城计划”哲社文化青年人才项目(川青城第2171号)
国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(202107710004,202006090037)
国家自然科学基金项目(52378021)。
关键词
乡土建筑
营造技艺
凳架
井干
干阑
修补术
vernacular architecture
construction technique
trestle structure
log construction
pile structure
bricolage
