摘要
为探讨不同氮磷配施对玉米干物质积累及籽粒产量、根系发育和养分吸收利用的影响,研究以登海605为试验品种,利用栽培箱试验,采用裂区试验设计,设置4个氮素水平,分别为0(N0)、225 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、300 kg/hm^(2)(N2)和375 kg/hm^(2)(N3);4个磷素水平,分别为0(P0)、60 kg/hm^(2)(P1)、90 kg/hm^(2)(P2)和120 kg/hm^(2)(P3),共计16个处理,测定每个处理的地上部干物质积累量、产量、根系形态以及养分吸收利用率等指标。结果表明,在同等氮素水平下,随着施磷量的增加,夏玉米地上部干物质积累和籽粒产量均呈增加趋势,以N3P3处理的地上部分干物质积累量、籽粒产量最高,开花期、完熟期的地上部分干物质积累量分别为84.01、313.31 g/株,籽粒产量为190.74 g/株;夏玉米的根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积、根干重均呈增加趋势,均以N3P3处理较佳。在完熟期,同等氮素水平下,随着施磷量的增加,根冠比略有增加;同等磷素水平下,随着施氮量的增加,根冠比略有减小。同等氮素(磷素)水平下,随着施磷量(氮素)的增加,夏玉米氮素(磷素)吸收效率和氮肥(磷肥)偏生产力呈逐渐增加趋势。综合表明,合理的氮磷配施通过促进根系发育、增强其养分吸收利用效率,从而提高夏玉米的干物质积累量和产量,在本试验条件下,N3P3处理的效果最佳。
To explore the effects of different nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)combined application rates on dry matter accumulation,grain yield,root development,and nutrient uptake and utilization of maize,a pot experiment was conducted using Denghai 605 as the test cultivar with a split-plot design.4 nitrogen application levels were set:0(N0),225 kg/hm^(2)(N1),300 kg/hm^(2)(N2),and 375 kg/hm^(2)(N3);4 phosphorus application levels were established:0(P0),60 kg/hm^(2)(P1),90 kg/hm^(2)(P2),and 120 kg/hm^(2)(P3),resulting in a total of 16 treatments.Key indicators including aboveground dry matter accumulation,grain yield,root morphological traits,and nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency were measured for each treatment.The results showed that under the same nitrogen(or phosphorus)application level,the aboveground dry matter accumulation and grain yield of summer maize showed an increasing trend with the increase in phosphorus(or nitrogen)application rate.The N3P3 treatment achieved the highest aboveground dry matter accumulation and grain yield,with the aboveground dry matter accumulation reaching 84.01 g/plant at the flowering stage and 313.31 g/plant at the full maturity stage,and the grain yield being 190.74 g/plant.The root length,root surface area,root volume,and root dry weight of summer maize also exhibited an increasing trend,with the N3P3 treatment performing optimally.At the full-ripening stage,under the same nitrogen application level,the root-shoot ratio increased slightly with the increase of phosphorus application rate:under the same phosphorus application level,the root-shoot ratio decreased slightly with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Under the same nitrogen(phosphorus)application level,the nitrogen(phosphorus)uptake efficiency and nitrogen(phosphorus)partial factor productivity of summer maize showed a gradual increasing trend with the increase of phosphorus(nitrogen)application rate.Overall,reasonable combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus can promote root development,enhance nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency,and thereby increase the dry matter accumulation and yield of summer maize.Under the experimental conditions,the N3P3 treatment yielded the best results.
作者
梁明磊
陈晓影
任昊
刘鹏
LIANG Minglei;CHEN Xiaoying;REN Hao(College of Agriculture,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Liaocheng,Liaocheng 252000,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 252100,China)
出处
《安徽农学通报》
2026年第1期9-15,共7页
Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(31371576,31401339)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300106)。
关键词
夏玉米
氮磷配施
根系构型
养分吸收
产量
summer maize
combined nitrogen and phosphorus application
root system configuration
nutrient absorption
yield
