摘要
膝关节损伤多发于韧带、软骨等起保护和稳定作用的部位,运动中撞击或快速扭转导致的损伤居多。目前针对关节损伤的研究主要集中在损伤类型和治疗方法,而关于性别二态性造成的关节损伤原因和表现特征暂无深入研究。本文通过对文献进行归纳总结,综合分析膝关节损伤的性别二态性差异。结果发现,女性膝关节的骨形窄,周围韧带和肌肉质量较低,在运动中关节磨损严重程度高于男性;遗传和代谢方式差异,外加性激素水平波动,导致女性细胞增生分化水平较差,运动过程中更易疲劳,关节相对不稳定;女性骨性差异导致关节接触压力增大,因此运动时女性倾向于依靠骨性代偿弥补肌力差异,使膝关节的内收力矩较大,关节损伤风险加重;不同的运动对关节功能的需求不同,在篮球、排球等运动中,女性发生关节损伤的几率远高于男性。
Knee injuries frequently occur in protective and stabilizing structures such as ligaments and cartilage.Most injuries result from impact or rapid twisting during movement.Current research primarily focuses on injury types and treatments,with limited in-depth studies examining causes and manifestations attributable to sexual dimorphism.This paper comprehensively analyzes sexual dimorphism in knee injuries through literature synthesis.Results indicate that females exhibit narrower femoral condyles,reduced mass in periarticular ligaments and muscles,and consequently experience greater joint wear during physical activity than males.Genetic and metabolic differences,compounded by sex hormone fluctuations,impair cellular proliferation and differentiation in females.This leads to increased exercise-induced fatigue and relative joint instability.Morphological differences in female knee bony structures elevate intra-articular contact pressure,prompting compensatory mechanisms for muscular strength deficits.These adaptations increase knee adduction moments and injury risk.In high-energy sports like basketball and volleyball,females demonstrate significantly higher susceptibility to joint injuries than males.
作者
聂雅婷
孟庆华
鲍春雨
周鲁星
张楠
NIE Yating;MENG Qinghua;BAO Chunyu;ZHOU Luxing;ZHANG Nan(Institute of Exercise&Health,Tianjin University of Sport,Tianjin 300381,China)
出处
《医用生物力学》
北大核心
2025年第6期1664-1670,共7页
Journal of Medical Biomechanics
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(11372223,11102135)
天津市自然科学基金项目(17JCZDJC36000,18JCZDJC35900)
国家体育总局科研项目(22KJCX077,2022pqky-01,24ZDKJCX11)
天津市体育局科研项目(22BZ02,24BZ02)。
