摘要
昆虫的迁飞行为是自然界中最复杂且令人惊叹的生物学现象之一,迁飞昆虫可利用多种外部线索进行远距离定向(导航)。地磁场作为一种全球覆盖、昼夜连续、长期稳定的外部线索,被证明在包括昆虫在内的多种动物定向(导航)中发挥重要作用。近年来,围绕昆虫磁定向行为的研究不断取得进展,然而尚缺乏对研究方法的系统梳理。本文梳理了迁飞昆虫磁感应研究的主要方法,重点探讨了基于不同磁感应机制的磁倾角罗盘与磁极性罗盘行为学研究方法,涉及地磁定向研究的一般设置、地磁定向的行为学实验、地磁定向的生物物理学实验和地磁定向研究的潜在干扰因素及解决方案。文中进一步介绍了用于佐证自由基对与磁颗粒机制的关键实验技术,并针对磁定向行为易受电磁噪音、光污染和样本状态等因素干扰的特点,提出了系列控制策略。本文梳理总结了一个系统、可操作的迁飞昆虫磁定向研究方法框架,旨在推动迁飞昆虫磁定向研究的广度与深度:理论上,将促进动物磁感应机制的精细化揭示;实践上,将服务于农业害虫的迁飞监测与精准防控。
Insect migration is one of the most complex and fascinating biological phenomena in nature.Migratory insects rely on multiple environmental cues to navigate across long distances with remarkable precision.Among these cues,the Earth's geomagnetic field,being globally available,diurnally continuous,and temporally stable,has been shown to play a critical role in orientation and navigation in various animals,including insects.Although recent years have seen rapid progress in understanding magnetic orientation behavior in insects,a comprehensive methodological framework remains lacking.This work synthesizes the principal methodologies for studying magnetoreception in migratory insects,with a focus on behavioral approaches to inclination and polarity compasses based on different magnetoreception mechanisms.It covers the general experimental setups for geomagnetic orientation,behavioral assays,biophysical investigations,and potential confounding factors in geomagnetic research together with possible methodological solutions.We further introduce key techniques used to investigate radical-pair and magnetite-based mechanisms,and discuss methodological controls against experimental artifacts such as electromagnetic noise,light pollution,and physiological variability.Building on these advances,we synthesize current approaches into a systematic and operational framework for studying magnetic orientation in migratory insects,which will expand both the breadth and depth of research in this field.Mechanistically,this framework will advance the fine-scale understanding of animal magnetoreception;practically,it will support migratory pest monitoring and precision control in agriculture.
作者
任一渤
吕长宁
隋金东
李品
康慧铭
潘卫东
胡高
陈法军
万贵钧
REN Yi-Bo;LU Chang-Ning;SUI Jin-Dong;LI Pin;KANG Hui-Ming;PAN Wei-Dong;HU Gao;CHEN Fa-Jun;WAN Gui-Jun(State Key Laboratory of Biosecurity for Agriculture and Forestry(Nanjing),College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics,Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《应用昆虫学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期1658-1673,共16页
Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1400602)
国家自然科学基金项目(32172414、32271286)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20221510)
上海光源用户课题(2024-SSRF-PT-506586)
江苏省科协青年科技人才托举工程(TJ-2021-003)。
关键词
迁飞昆虫
磁定向
研究方法
磁倾角罗盘
磁极性罗盘
磁感应机制
migratory insects
magnetic orientation
research methods
magnetic inclination compass
magnetic polarity compass
magnetoreception mechanisms
