摘要
目的了解上海市普陀区2023年第三产业重点人群职业紧张状况,分析其影响因素,为缓解第三产业重点人群职业紧张,改善其健康状况提供基础依据。方法2023年6—9月,采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取上海市普陀区教育、医疗卫生、环境卫生、快递/外卖、交通运输等5个行业的1161名一线劳动者作为研究对象,基于《全国重点人群职业健康素养监测与干预项目》,通过个人问卷中的职业紧张(COSS)问卷,测量辖区重点职业人群职业紧张水平,采用多因素二元Logistics回归分析其影响因素。结果2023年上海市普陀区第三产业重点人群职业紧张总体检出率为31.55%,COSS平均总得分为(44.80±9.01)分;社会支持、组织与回报、要求与付出、自主性维度的平均得分分别为(19.26±4.44)分、(15.81±4.94)分、(11.86±3.83)分和(5.60±1.89)分。不同性别、文化程度、收入水平、在岗年限、每周工作时间、夜班轮值、单位性质和行业的职业人群职业紧张检出率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,职业紧张发生概率分别为女性低于男性(OR=0.717,95%CI:0.518~0.991);小学及以下学历高于初中(OR=0.695,95%CI:0.418~1.156)、高中/职高/中专(OR=0.373,95%CI:0.218~0.638)、大专(OR=0.501,95%CI:0.288~0.873)、本科(OR=0.562,95%CI:0.335~0.945)、研究生及以上学历(OR=0.521,95%CI:0.275~0.989);在岗年限5.0~<10.0年(OR=1.854,95%CI:1.194~2.877)、10.0~<20.0年(OR=1.244,95%CI:0.771~2.005)、≥20.0年(OR=1.299,95%CI:0.746~2.262)分别高于在岗年限1年以内;轮值夜班高于非轮值夜班(OR=1.591,95%CI:1.201~2.108);每周工作49~<55 h(OR=1.674,95%CI=1.175~2.384)、≥55 h(OR=1.674,95%CI:1.175~2.384)分别高于≤40 h,每周工作40~<45 h(OR=0.636,95%CI:0.444~0.912)、45~<49 h(OR=0.836,95%CI:0.553~1.264)分别低于≤40 h;事业单位(OR=0.388,95%CI:0.258~0.584)、国有企业(OR=0.327,95%CI:0.181~0.591)低于民营企业;交通运输业(OR=0.922,95%CI=0.638~1.333)、环境卫生业(OR=0.668,95%CI:0.458~0.975)、教育业(OR=0.493,95%CI:0.336~0.721)、医疗卫生业(OR=0.426,95%CI:0.290~0.626)均低于快递/外卖配送业。结论上海市普陀区第三产业重点人群的职业紧张状况处于较高风险水平,职业人群性别、文化程度、在岗年限、轮值夜班、每周工作时间、用人单位性质和行业类型是职业紧张发生的影响因素;应从个人、企业或单位、社会层面开展有针对性的心理健康教育和干预,以降低重点人群职业紧张水平。
Objective To understand the level of occupational stress and its influencing factors among tertiary in-dustry employees in Putuo District of Shanghai in 2023,and to provide a theoretical basis for alleviating occupational stress and improving health status of occupational population.Methods A total of 1161 front-line employees were selected as the research subjects using the combination of stratified cluster random sampling and probability proportional sampling,which were from the industries of education,medical and health,environmental health,express delivery/take-out and transporta-tion in Putuo District of Shanghai from July to September in 2023.Based on the Survey on Occupational Health Literacy Key Populations of National Key Population,the occupational stress levels were surveyed using the part of occupational stress in questionnaire(COSS).The influencing factors of occupational stress were compared using multivariate binary Logistic regres-sion.Results In 2023,the proportion with occupational stress of research subjects from the five key industries in Putuo District was 31.55%.The average score of COSS was(44.80±9.01)points,and the average scores of social support,or-ganization and reward,demand and effort,and autonomy dimensions were(19.26±4.44),(15.81±4.94),(11.86±3.83),(5.60±1.89).There were statistically significant differences in the proportions of occupational stress among differ-ent occupational population in Putuo District with different genders,educational level,income level,length of employment,working hours in a week,night shift work,unit nature and industry category(all P<0.05).The results of multivariate bi-nary Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of occupational stress occurrence was lower in females(OR=0.717,95%CI:0.518-0.991)than in males,junior high school(OR=0.695,95%CI:0.418-1.156),high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school(OR=0.373,95%CI:0.218-0.638),college(OR=0.501,95%CI:0.288-0.873),undergraduate(OR=0.562,95%CI:0.335-0.945),graduate and above educa-tion(OR=0.521,95%CI:0.275-0.989)were all lower than primary school and below education.The length of em-ployment of under 5 years(OR=1.854,95%CI:1.194-2.877),10.0-<20.0 years(OR=1.244,95%CI:0.771-2.005),and above 20 years(OR=1.299,95%CI:0.746-2.262)were respectively higher than the length of em-ployment of under one year.Night shift work were higher than non-night shift work(OR=1.591,95%CI:1.201-2.108).Working under 49 h(OR=1.674,95%CI:1.175-2.384)and above 55 h(OR=1.674,95%CI:1.175-2.384)per week were higher than≤40 h per week,while working 40 h(OR=0.636,95%CI:0.444-0.912)and 45 h(OR=0.836,95%CI:0.553-1.264)per week were lower than under 40 h per week.Public institutions(OR=0.388,95%CI:0.258-0.584)and state-owned enterprises(OR=0.327,95%CI:0.181-0.591)were lower than private enterprises.The transportation industry(OR=0.922,95%CI:0.638-1.333),environmental sanitation industry(OR=0.668,95%CI:0.458-0.975),education industry(OR=0.493,95%CI:0.336-0.721),and medical and health industry(OR=0.426,95%CI:0.290-0.626)were all lower than the express/takeaway delivery indus-try.Conclusion The status of occupational stress among tertiary industry employees in Putuo District of Shanghai was at higher level.Gender,educational level,length of employment,night shift work,working hours in a week,unit nature and industry category were independent influencing factors for the scores of COSS.Targeted interventions should be implemented to reduce their occupational stress levels from the individual,unit and social level.
作者
胡芳
施文强
黄威
沈莉
HU Fang;SHI Wen-qiang;HUANG Wei;SHEN Li(Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 230032,China)
出处
《中国健康教育》
北大核心
2025年第11期995-1001,1020,共8页
Chinese Journal of Health Education
关键词
第三产业
重点人群
职业紧张
影响因素
Tertiary industry
Key occupational population
Occupational stress
Influencing factors
