摘要
战后有关日军细菌战的历史叙事并非单线条真相再现,而是在权力结构与集体记忆互动中不断重构。运用话语—权力理论与集体记忆理论,可以将其叙事演变概括为四个阶段:其一,冷战初期美日情报交易与国家审查造成的“战略性遗忘”,与苏联伯力审判的“政治性揭露”相对峙;其二,20世纪80年代后日本内部批判力量兴起,文学与学术研究推动“话语禁忌”松动;其三,20世纪90年代中期起受害者主体性回归,通过口述史与跨国诉讼重塑“司法正义”话语;其四,2010年以来围绕档案、博物馆(纪念馆)与“世界记忆遗产”展开文化记忆争夺,凸显“国家责任”与“国际伦理”的持续博弈。历史叙事是解释权与合法性竞争的结果,唯有跨国协作与开放讨论方能逐步接近真相,使创伤记忆成为人类共同伦理遗产。
The historical narrative of Japan s biological warfare after World War II is a continuous reconstruction through the interaction between power structures and collective memory.By applying the discourse-power theory and collective memory,the evolution of its narrative can be summarized into four stages:First,during the early Cold War,the intelligence exchange between the United States and Japan and national censorship led to“strategic amnesia”,which was in opposition to the“politicized exposure”of the Soviet Union s Khabarovsk Trial.Second,after the 1980s,Domestic critical forces in Japan emerged,and literature and academic endeavors contributed to the loosening of taboos.Third,since the mid-1990s,the subjectivity of the victim returned,and the narrative of“judicial justice”was reshaped through oral history and transnational litigation.Fourth,since the beginning of the 21 st century,institutionalized struggles have been carried out around archives,museums,and Memory of the World Register,highlighting the continuous contestation between national responsibility and international ethics.Only through transnational collaboration and open dialogue can the truth be gradually approached,and traumatic memory become a common ethical heritage of humanity.
出处
《日本侵华南京大屠杀研究》
2025年第4期92-103,143,共13页
Journal of Japanese Invasion of China and Nanjing Massacre
