摘要
新四军长期面临医药物资短缺、火线卫生员不足、伤员转移疏散频繁等困境,导致战伤员的救治延误。皖南事变后,由于番号被取消,国民党当局停发饷款和医药用品,新四军的处境更为艰难。在此背景下,新四军建立了多层次救治体系,通过连营火线抢救、团第二线救治与转运的衔接,实现了人员、药品等资源的优化配置,有效缩短了日伪封锁环境下战伤员的救治时间。1943年后,新四军进一步前伸火线救治力量,采取设立班卫生员、充实连营医务力量、建立野战医院和转运站、派遣手术组上火线等措施,使战伤员的救治由“伤员就医”逐步转向“医生就伤员”。然而不断前伸的救治部署也加重了医护人员的负担,层级式救治体系与资源配置亦反映出新四军的现实困境。新四军通过持续的火线救治,建构与完善了战时“不断前伸”的战伤员救治体系,为抗战胜利提供了有力的医疗保障,为人民军队建立标准化伤兵救治体系奠定了基础。
The New Fourth Army had long struggled with shortages of medical supplies and personnel,and frequent transfer and evacuation of wounded soldiers,which led to delays in the treatment of wounded soldiers.After the Southern Anhui Incident,the situation became even more difficult as the army s designation was revoked and the authorities of KMT stopped providing funds and medical supplies.In response,the New Fourth Army established a tiered medical system,which optimized the allocation of personnel and medical resources through the coordination between frontline rescue at the company and battalion levels and secondary-level treatment and transfer at the regimental level,and effectively reduced the treatment time for wounded soldiers under Japanese-puppet blockade conditions.After 1943,the New Fourth Army further expanded frontline medical capabilities by measures such as setting up medical soldiers at the squad level,strengthening medical forces at the company and battalion levels,establishing field hospitals and transfer stations,and dispatching surgical teams to the frontline.This shift gradually transformed the treatment approach from“wounded soldiers seeking medical care”to“doctors reaching wounded soldiers”.However,this forward extension also increased medical staff burden and the hierarchical treatment system and resource allocation also reflected the actual difficulties faced by the New Fourth Army.Through continuous frontline medical treatment,the New Fourth Army constructed and improved its wartime treatment system for wounded soldiers,providing strong medical support for the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance and laying the foundation for the establishment of a standardized treatment system for wounded soldiers in the People s Army.
作者
姜同欣
张连红
Jiang Tongxin;Zhang Lianhong
出处
《日本侵华南京大屠杀研究》
2025年第4期47-55,141,142,共11页
Journal of Japanese Invasion of China and Nanjing Massacre
