摘要
空间是地理学的核心概念。在人工智能快速发展的背景下,空间智能展现出前所未有的发展潜力。总体而言,空间智能是空间感知、空间推理与空间行动的有机整体。当前,空间智能领域发生了多重演变,集中体现在:空间感知从一维静态迈向三维动态,空间推理从既定规则迈向灵活预测,空间行动从情境适配迈向空间共创。但与此同时,空间智能在演变过程中也引发了一系列的社会重构效应,包括数字鸿沟的加剧、隐私泄露的频发、法律标准的滞后等问题。未来,在推动空间智能技术跨学科融合、打造新型智能架构体系的同时,需进一步加强技术的公平性、安全性和规范性建设,充分释放空间智能的普惠效应,构建智能社会新形态。
Spatial Intelligence(SI)is the cornerstone of Artificial Intelligence(AI)development and represents the integrated capability of perceiving,reasoning,and acting within three-dimensional environments.Despite its significance,the geographical community are yet to systematically explore the operational mechanisms of spatial intelligence and its social impacts.Existing research primarily focuses on technological aspects such as digital twins and spatial heterogeneity modeling,while overlooking the profound social transformations that accompany the deployment of SI.As SI applications permeate autonomous driving,embodied robotics,and smart city infrastructure,fundamentally reshaping human-land interaction patterns,this research gap has become increasingly critical.In this study,we employ a cross-disciplinary literature synthesis approach,integrating perspectives from geography,computer science,and social theory to construct a comprehensive analytical framework for examining technological evolution trajectories and their societal impacts.The core objective is to systematically elucidate multidimensional developmental process of SI and reveal its concomitant social restructuring effects.Through a critical analysis of cutting-edge research and empirical cases,we explore how SI evolution fosters novel spatial practices while triggering structural societal challenges.The methodology focuses on integrating literature themes centred around three core capabilities of SI,supplemented by a socio-theoretical analysis of unintended consequences.The study findings reveals three key technological transformations.First,spatial perception has transcended one-dimensional static representation to achieve three-dimensional dynamic understanding.This shift encompasses a transition in representation from linear encoding to voxel/point-cloudbased 3D modeling,a shift in reference frameworks from absolute coordinate systems to dynamic context-aware systems,and a change in cognitive units from isolated objects to spatiotemporal events.Second,spatial reasoning evolved from deterministic rule systems to probabilistic generative models.This transformation includes cognitive mechanisms shifting from formal logic to probabilistic prediction,learning paradigms evolving from supervised training to world-model-based reinforcement learning,and expression forms upgrading from abstract symbolic descriptions to multimodal embodied interactions.Third,spatial action has transcended the stage of situational adaptation and is advancing toward spatial co-creation.This phase is characterized by:the diversification of agents,where human actors collaborate with increasingly autonomous AI actors in shared environments;and a shift from unidirectional reception to bidirectional co-construction in interaction modes,epitomized by the"Industry 5.0"paradigm emphasizing on proactive human-machine collaboration and natural interaction interfaces.However,these technological transformations have generated significant social restructuring.The digital divide is exacerbated by multiple accessibility and usability barriers.Intelligent infrastructure's reliance on high-performance computing widens regional disparities,while the required technical literacy creates an application gap,disproportionately affecting developing regions and marginalized groups.Concurrently,privacy concerns intensify as intelligent infrastructure conducts a massive-scale collection of spatial,behavioral,and biometric data.Furthermore,legal frameworks lag significantly behind the rapid development of smart infrastructure.Defining liability within complex human-machine-human interaction networks proves challenging,and emerging rights issues,such as virtual property and algorithmic agency,remain unresolved,as evidenced by protracted litigation over autonomous vehicle accidents.In summary,we posit that smart infrastructure development faces a dual imperative:enhancing technical capabilities and proactively addressing socio-ethical challenges.We propose a responsive intelligent infrastructure framework that integrates value-sensitive design with contextual ethical reasoning and embeds geoethics and spatial justice as core design principles.Future development should prioritize interdisciplinary integration with psychology and sociology,shifting research from"technology-driven"to"problem-driven"approaches,and developing novel architectural systems capable of managing complex,multiscale social ecosystems.This study contributes on three levels:theoretically,it systematically analyzes the social effects of the intelligent society within geographical discourse for the first time;methodologically,it integrates interdisciplinary perspectives to bridge technical and social analysis;practically,it provides actionable insights for policymakers to harness the inclusive potential of intelligent society while mitigating risks,thereby,advancing the"AI for Society"agenda and offering theoretical guidance for intelligent society development.
作者
文军
吴志鹏
Wen Jun;Wu Zhipeng(School of Social Development,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;School of Marxism,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Shanghai Social Science Innovation Research Base of"Research on Transitional Sociology with Chinese Characteristics",East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)
出处
《热带地理》
北大核心
2026年第1期46-54,共9页
Tropical Geography
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“新形势下我国社会发展面临的不确定性及其应对机制研究”(22&ZD183)
国家社会科学基金重点项目“不确定性研究的社会学转向及其体系建构”(22ASH002)
华东师范大学“优秀博士生学术创新能力提升计划”项目(YBNLTS2025-043)。
关键词
空间智能
空间感知
空间推理
空间行动
社会重构
spatial intelligence
spatial perception
spatial reasoning
spatial action
social reconstruction
