摘要
绿色技术创新是中国实现经济绿色转型和“双碳”目标的原动力,研究其地理集聚格局演变及影响因素具有重要意义。基于2002—2021年绿色发明专利授权数据,文章刻画了中国绿色技术创新及细分领域的地理集聚格局演变特征,并采用双向固定效应模型对其主要影响因素及作用机制进行探究。结果发现:1)中国绿色技术创新水平呈现阶段性发展特征,东部地区绿色专利的数量与增速远高于其他地区,其中节能减排技术增速最快,主导绿色技术创新发展。2)绿色技术主要向东部沿海地区集聚,在“东南-西北”方向上存在明显的空间差异。绿色技术整体及细分领域均呈现高度集聚特征,其中高值区向长三角地区集中,低值区扩散至西部且连片分布。3)绿色技术创新受资源投入、市场需求、政策支持、对外开放等4方面因素的共同影响,创新支持力度和创新人力投入是关键影响因素。不同领域绿色技术的驱动因素各异,对其作用差异的识别有助于找到区域绿色技术差异化发展的切入点和发力点。
Green technological innovation serves as the core driver for achieving economic green transformation and the strategic goals of the"dual carbon"initiative.Although its importance is widely recognized,previous research has predominantly focused on national-or macro-level analyses.There remains a lack of systematic and detailed characterization of the long-term spatial evolution of green technological innovation,including differences among subsectors and the heterogeneous effects of diverse driving factors.Therefore,this study aims to examine the long-term evolutionary characteristics of geographical agglomeration patterns of green technology innovation in China and to identify the key factors and mechanisms influencing their development,thereby providing empirical evidence for formulating differentiated and targeted regional innovation policies.Based on the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)International Patent Classification(IPC)Green Inventory,this study identifies and utilizes China's green invention patent authorization data from 2002 to 2021.Employing methods such as the locational Gini coefficient and spatial autocorrelation analysis,this study systematically depicts the spatiotemporal evolution of innovation activities in green technology as a whole and across its subsectors.Building on this foundation,a two-way fixed-effects model is used to empirically test the impact of factors across the four dimensions—resource input,market demand,policy support,and openness to the outside world—on the innovation levels of green technology overall and its subsectors.The study reveals several interesting results.1)From a temporal perspective,China's green technology innovation exhibits a three-stage pattern of"steady growth-gradual enhancement-rapid development,"with overall scale expanding rapidly.Spatially,a pronounced gradient emerges:eastern>central>western>northeastern regions,with the East maintaining absolute leadership in both total volume and growth rate.Based on development pace,the green technological subsectors have differentiated into a"threetier"structure.Among these,alternative energy production,energy conservation,emission reduction,waste management,administrative regulation and design technology collectively,forming the"four pillars,"which hold the largest share and exert the strongest pull on the industry.Among these,energy conservation and emission reduction technologies exhibit the fastest growth,becoming the focal point in recent years.2)Spatially,green technology innovation exhibits a high degree of geographic concentration,increasingly clustering in the eastern coastal regions,particularly the Yangtze River Delta,and forming a distinct"southeast-northwest"spatial differentiation.Innovation activity is significantly higher south of the Hu Huanyong Line than north of it.High-high clusters are visibly contracting toward the Yangtze River Delta,whereas low-low clusters are spreading contiguously across western regions.However,overall regional disparities show a converging trend.3)From the perspective of driving mechanisms,green technology innovation is influenced by a combination of resource inputs,market demand,policy support,and openness to the outside world.Among these factors,innovation funding support and human resource investment are universally recognized as key drivers.Nevertheless,other factors exhibit significant heterogeneity and unevenness in their impact across different technological domains.Policies should be tailored to leverage the synergistic effects of diverse policy tools based on the specific technological attributes and developmental characteristics of each field.The contributions of this study are as follows:First,by utilizing long-term green patent data,it dynamically reveals the complex spatial evolution of green technological innovation,from widespread clustering to high-value polarization and low-value contiguous clusters,thereby deepening theoretical understanding in innovation geography.Second,it overcomes the research limitation of treating green technology as a homogeneous entity,empirically revealing the heterogeneity of driving factors across different subfields and providing new evidence for understanding the logic of diversified green innovation development.Third,based on these findings,it explicitly proposes a policy shift toward tiered approaches and precision governance,emphasizing the need for differentiated policies tailored to regional resource endowments and technological field attributes.This provides critical decision-making references for building a coordinated and efficient green innovation governance system.
作者
苗赫萌
李二玲
邢运龙
邓晴晴
贺梦佳
覃成林
Miao Hemeng;Li Erling;Xing Yunlong;Deng Qingqing;He Mengjia;Qin Chenglin(College of Geography Science,Faculty of Geographical Science and Engineering,Henan University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Research Center of Regional Economy,Henan Province/New Think Tank for Regional Innovation and High-Quality Development,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China;Henan Xinxiang Vocational College of Industry and Commerce,Xinxiang 453000,China)
出处
《热带地理》
北大核心
2025年第12期2238-2251,共14页
Tropical Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42371218、42401253)
河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2023BJJ013)。
关键词
绿色技术创新
细分技术领域
地理集聚特征
绿色专利
中国
green technological innovation
technological subsectors
geographical clustering characteristics
green patents
China
