摘要
风水塘是由人工开挖或改造形成的半封闭性静水水体,具有独特的岭南文化功能。乡村风水塘沉积物重金属污染对生态安全和美丽乡村建设至关重要。文章以广东省一个典型乡村风水塘为研究对象,该塘近年来已实施水质生态修复。为检验生态修复效果,系统采集了柱芯和表层沉积物样品,利用ICP-MS测定Cr、Mn、Co、Cu、Zn、As、Pb等重金属浓度;通过地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法及人体健康风险评估模型,综合评估重金属污染程度、潜在生态风险及人体健康风险;结合Pearson相关性分析探讨了重金属污染来源。结果表明:沉积柱芯中的重金属元素浓度均显著高于陆壳元素背景值,且自底层至表层呈递增趋势;Zn、Mn、As、Co、Cu、Pb呈显著正相关(r>0.500,P<0.01),指示其具有同源性。在设置修复区与未修复对照区的条件下,表层沉积物重金属浓度显示,修复区中Co、Cu、Zn、As、Pb的平均浓度随时间显著下降,表明水生植物修复能有效降低目标重金属污染负荷。As和Pb是主要的富集污染物,潜在生态风险最高。人体健康风险评估显示,Cr、Mn、As是主要贡献因子,皮肤接触是主要暴露途径,且儿童风险高于成人。本研究填补了关于小型、文化性人工水体修复效果评估的研究空白,为利用水生植物修复技术治理风水塘重金属污染、控制污染输入与积累、防控生态风险提供了科学依据。
Fengshui ponds,a type of semi-enclosed static water body artificially excavated or modified,hold unique cultural significance in the Lingnan region.Heavy metal contamination in sediments of rural fengshui ponds(water ponds for geomantic purposes)is crucial for ecological security construction.This study focuses on a typical rural Fengshui pond in Guangdong Province,where water quality ecological restoration has been conducted in recent years.To evaluate the effectiveness of ecological restoration,sediment cores and surface samples were systematically collected.Concentrations of heavy metals(Cr,Mn,Co,Cu,Zn,As,Pb)were determined using ICP-MS.The pollution degree,ecological risk,and health risk were comprehensively assessed using the geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)),potential ecological risk index(RI),and human health risk assessment models,respectively.Pollution sources were explored via Pearson correlation analysis.The results indicated that concentrations of all measured heavy metals in the sediment cores were significantly higher than the continental crust background values,exhibiting an increasing trend from the bottom to the top layer.Significant positive correlations(r>0.500,P<0.001)among Zn,Mn,As,Co,Cu,and Pb suggested a common source.Analysis of surface sediments from designated restoration zones and untreated controls revealed that the average concentrations of Co,Cu,Zn,As,and Pb in the restoration zones significantly decreased over time,indicating that aquatic phytoremediation had effectively reduced the load of these target heavy metals.As and Pb were identified as the primary enriched pollutants,posing the highest ecological risks.Health risk assessment identified Cr,Mn,and As as the main contributing factors,with dermal contact being the dominant exposure pathway.Children faced higher health risks than adults.This study addresses a research gap in the evaluation of remediation effects in small-scale,culturally significant artificial water bodies,providing a scientific basis for using aquatic plant remediation technology to manage heavy metal pollution in Fengshui ponds,control pollution input and accumulation,and mitigate ecological risks.
作者
方佳丽
秦红杰
高常军
蔡茜茜
鲍锟山
FANG Jiali;QIN Hongjie;GAO Changjun;CAI Xixi;BAO Kunshan(School of Geographical Sciences,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China;Environmental Horticulture Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization,Guangzhou 510640,China;Guangdong Academy of Forestry Sciences,Guangzhou 510520,China)
出处
《华南地理学报》
2025年第3期85-100,共16页
South China Geographical Journal
基金
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2025A1515011992)
广东省科技创新战略专项(2022B0202160002)
高水平农科院建设科技创新战略专项资金项目(R2023PY-JG024,R2021YJ-QG003,CYZX202501)。
关键词
乡村池塘
沉积物
重金属
污染特征
生态风险
rural ponds
sediments
heavy metals
contamination characteristics
ecological risk
