摘要
目的使用河北省营养项目人群数据,探讨母亲孕期空气颗粒物(PM)暴露对新生儿体格发育状况指标的影响,并评估不同颗粒物暴露的滞后效应以确定敏感时间窗。方法本研究基于河北孕期营养干预项目数据,纳入14148对母婴数据,通过China High Air Pollutants(CHAP)数据库获取1 km×1 km分辨率的月均PM浓度,结合孕妇居住地址和孕周估算孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期及全孕期的PM暴露水平。新生儿体格发育状况指标根据中国标准按照不同孕周和性别标准化为Z评分。采用多元线性回归模型分析不同PM暴露与新生儿体格发育状况指标的关联,并通过分布滞后线性模型评估不同妊娠阶段的滞后效应,明确敏感时间窗。结果全孕期每增加10μg/m 3的PM 2.5、PM 10和PM_(2.5-10)暴露分别使出生体重Z评分下降0.03(95%CI:-0.04,-0.02)、0.03(95%CI:-0.04,-0.02)和0.10(95%CI:-0.12,-0.08);出生身长和头围Z评分亦呈负相关,且PM_(2.5-10)的影响最显著。分布滞后线性模型结果显示,孕早期和孕晚期为新生儿出生体重和身长的关键敏感窗口,出生头围的敏感期主要集中在孕早期。结论孕期PM暴露与新生儿体格发育状况呈显著负相关,PM_(2.5-10)的效应最为突出。孕早期和孕晚期暴露为胎儿体格发育影响的关键窗口期。本研究为空气污染防控政策及孕期健康干预提供了重要的科学依据。
Objective To examine the association between maternal exposure to airborne particulate matter during pregnancy and neonatal physical development status indicators and to evaluate the lag effects of particulate exposure to identify sensitive time windows.Methods This study included 14,148 mother-infant pairs from the Pregnancy Nutrition Intervention Program conducted in Hebei Province.Monthly average PM concentrations with a 1 km×1 km resolution were obtained from the China High Air Pollutants(CHAP)database.Exposure levels during first,second,and third trimesters,as well as the entire pregnancy period,were estimated using maternal residential addresses and gestational weeks.Neonatal physical development indicators were standardized as Z-scores by gestational age and sex according to Chinese reference standards.Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations between PM exposure and neonatal physical development status.Distributed lag linear models were applied to assess the lag effects of exposure at different pregnancy stages and determine critical windows of susceptibility.Results For every 10μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5,PM 10,and PM_(2.5-10)exposure during the entire pregnancy,the birth weight Z-score decreased by 0.03(95%CI:-0.04,-0.02),0.03(95%CI:-0.04,-0.02),and 0.101(95%CI:-0.12,-0.08),respectively.Similar negative associations were found for birth length and head circumference,with the most significant effects observed for PM_(2.5-10).Results from distributed lag linear models showed that early pregnancy and late pregnancy were critical windows for birth weight and length,while the sensitive window for head circumference was mainly in early pregnancy.Conclusion Maternal exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy is significantly associated with reduced neonatal physical development status,and the effect of PM_(2.5-10)was the most prominent.Early and late pregnancy are critical windows for neonatal physical development affected by PM exposure.These findings provide important evidence to inform air pollution control and maternal health interventions.
作者
杨泽平
张子怡
李彤
王怡然
张乐
张亚黎
李智文
叶荣伟
李楠
YANG Zeping;ZHANG Ziyi;LI Tong;WANG Yiran;ZHANG Le;ZHANG Yali;LI zhiwen;YE Rongwei;LI Nan(Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health,School of Public Health,State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion,Peking University,Beijing 100191,PR China)
出处
《中国生育健康杂志》
2026年第1期1-7,共7页
Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82173527)。
关键词
空气颗粒物
出生体重
出生身长
出生头围
队列研究
air particulate matter
birth weight
birth length
birth head circumference
cohort study
