摘要
目的分析上海某医院2020—2024年浅部真菌病的致病菌种类、年龄、性别及其时间变化趋势特征,为相关疾病诊疗提供理论支持。方法回顾性收集海军军医大学第二附属医院医学真菌学临床实验室2020年7月—2024年7月进行真菌镜检、真菌培养以及分子生物学检查的浅部真菌病患者资料,并分析患者性别、年龄等人群特征以及致病真菌种类、临床分布。结果共纳入3469例浅部真菌病患者,真菌标本类型有皮屑、甲屑、甲沟分泌物、断发或病变毛发、头皮屑、外生殖器分泌物、皮屑或假膜以及口腔黏膜。主要致病菌为毛癣菌属1782株(51.37%)和念珠菌属888株(25.60%)。中年组(31~60岁)在手足癣、体股癣、面癣、甲真菌病及皮肤黏膜真菌感染的占比最高,而马拉色菌主要感染青年组(15~30岁)。足癣、体股癣、面癣、花斑糠疹和甲真菌病男性患者的占比均高于女性患者(P<0.05)。近5年甲部、手部真菌感染呈下降趋势,而马拉色菌感染呈上升趋势。结论该院浅部真菌病以毛癣菌和念珠菌为主要病原体。不同感染类型有特定的高发年龄组,浅部真菌病的分布特征及流行趋势,与国内多数地区近年情况大致相符,但也存在自身特点。
Objective To analyze the types,age,gender and temporal change trend characteristics of pathogenic fungi causing superficial fungal diseases in a hospital in Shanghai from 2020 to 2024,theoretical support is provided for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.Methods The clinical data of patients with superficial mycosis who underwent fungal microscopic examination,fungal culture,and molecular biological testing in the Clinical Laboratory of Medical Mycology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University were retrospectively collected from July 2020 to July 2024.The population characteristics such as gender and age of the patients,as well as the types and clinical distribution of pathogenic fungi were analyzed.Results A total of 3469 patients with superficial mycosis were included.The types of fungal specimens were dander,nail dander,nail groove secretions,broken or diseased hair,dandruff,secretions of the external genitalia,dander or pseudomembrane,and oral mucosa.The main pathogenic fungi were Trichophyton in 1782 strains(51.37%)and Candida in 888 strains(25.60%).The middle-aged group(aged 31-60 years)accounts for the largest proportion,among patients with tinea manuum,tinea pedis,tinea corporis,tinea cruris,tinea faciei,onychomycosis,and skin and mucous membrane fungal infections,while Malassezia mainly infects young people aged 15 to 30.Among patients of tinea pedis,tinea corporis,tinea cruris,tinea faciei,pityriasis versicolor and onychomycosis,the proportion of males is higher than that of females(P<0.05).In the past five years,fungal infections of the nails and hands have shown a downward trend,while infections of Malassezia have shown an upward trend.Conclusion The main pathogens of superficial mycosis in this hospital are Trichophyton and Candida.Different types of infections have specific high-incidence age groups.The distribution characteristics and epidemic trends of superficial mycosis are roughly consistent with the situation in most regions of China in recent years,but they also have their own unique features.
作者
周盈盈
郑方伟
束芬
ZHOU Yingying;ZHENG Fangwei;SHU Fen(Department of Dermatology,Linping District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hangzhou 311106,China;Department of Dermatology,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200003,China)
出处
《中国真菌学杂志》
2025年第6期605-609,共5页
Chinese Journal of Mycology
关键词
黏膜真菌感染
病原真菌
皮肤癣菌
mucosal fungal infection
pathogenic fungi
dermatophyte
