摘要
为明确西宁南北山不同林分枯落物层的水文调控机制对森林经营管理的优化,以3种林分植被群落为研究对象,对不同林分的枯落物层厚度、蓄积量及持水能力等进行调查测定分析,运用熵权法对林分枯落物层的水源涵养能力进行综合评价,并提出枯落物的降雨截持模型。结果表明:(1)3种林分枯落物层总厚度为2.97~8.60 cm,蓄积总量为1.54~9.01 t/hm^(2),均表现为油松林>油松-青海云杉混交林>青海云杉林;半分解层蓄积量大于未分解层蓄积量,半分解层占比均在55%以上。(2)3种林分枯落物层最大持水量范围为4.32~22.55 t/hm^(2),表现为油松林>油松-青海云杉混交林>青海云杉林,最大持水率变化为136.57%~153.06%,表现为油松-青海云杉混交林>青海云杉林>油松林;3种林分枯落物层平均有效拦蓄量为0.66~1.81 t/hm^(2),表现为油松-青海云杉混交林(1.81 t/hm^(2))>油松林(1.72 t/hm^(2))>青海云杉林(0.66 t/hm^(2))。(3)3种林分枯落物层持水量随浸水时间的延长而增加,两者呈现较好的对数函数关系,油松-青海云杉混交林持水过程稳定性最佳。油松-青海云杉混交林通过树种互补机制,优化了枯落物层的结构,协同提升了持水效率与有效拦蓄量,其水文功能显著优于纯林。
To clarify how the hydrological regulation mechanisms of litter layers in different forest stands on North and South Mountains of Xining optimized forest management,vegetation communities of three forest stands were studied.The litter layer thickness,accumulation,and water-holding capacity of different forest stands were investigated and measured.The entropy weight method was used to comprehensively evaluate the water conservation capacity of the litter layers of the forest stands,and a rainfall interception model was proposed for litter.The results showed the followings:(1)The total thickness of the litter layers in the three forest stands ranged from^(2).97 to 8.60 cm,and the total accumulation was 1.54-9.01 t/hm^(2),both in the order of Pinus tabuliformis forest>P.tabuliformis-Picea crassifolia mixed forest>P.crassifolia forest.The accumulation of the semi-decomposed layer was greater than that of the undecomposed layer,with the semi-decomposed layer accounting for more than 55%of the total.(2)The maximum water-holding capacity of the litter layer ranged from 4.32 to 22.55 t/hm^(2) in the order of P.tabuliformis forest>P.tabuliformis-P.crassifolia mixed forest>P.crassifolia forest.The maximum water-holding rate varied from 136.57%to 153.06%,following the order of P.tabuliformis-P.crassifolia mixed forest>P.crassifolia forest>P.tabuliformis forest.The average effective interception capacity was 0.66-1.81 t/hm^(2) in the order of tabuliformis-P.crassifolia mixed forest(1.81 t/hm^(2))>P.tabuliformis forest(1.72 t/hm^(2))>P.crassifolia forest(0.66 t/hm^(2)).(3)The water-holding capacity of the litter layers in the three forest stands increased with soaking time,showing a good logarithmic function relationship.The P.tabuliformis-P.crassifolia mixed forest exhibited the most stable water-holding process.Through species complementarity,the mixed forest optimized the litter layer structure and synergistically improved water-holding efficiency and effective interception capacity,showing significantly better hydrological functions than pure forests.
作者
谢启莲
司剑华
XIE Qilian;SI Jianhua(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《青海大学学报》
2025年第6期32-40,共9页
Journal of Qinghai University
基金
青海省科学技术厅项目(2020-ZJ-763)。
关键词
西宁南北山
枯落物层
水文效应
降雨截持模型
North and South Mountains of Xining
litter layer
hydrological effects
rainfall interception model
