摘要
【目的】探究施氮量与播后滴灌量对玉米大豆带状复合种植系统生产力及资源利用效率的调控效应,为黄淮海地区水肥协同优化提供理论基础和技术支撑。【方法】于2023和2024年,设置不同种植模式(M,玉米单作;S,大豆单作;MS,玉米大豆带状复合种植)、施氮量(N1,120 kg·hm^(-2);N2,180 kg·hm^(-2);N3,240kg·hm^(-2))和播后滴灌量(I1,不灌水;I2,30 mm;I3,60 mm)三因素三水平正交试验,解析叶面积动态、产量、水分利用特性及经济效益对水氮调控的响应。【结果】玉米和大豆叶面积指数(LAI)均在播后90 d左右达峰值,符合Sine函数变化(拟合度R2>0.967),带状复合种植显著提高玉米LAI,但降低大豆LAI,大豆对水分敏感,播后30 d无滴灌(I1)显著降低单作和带状复合大豆LAI,降幅达13.25%—25.00%和17.73%—24.48%;带状复合最优处理(MSN1I2,120 kg·hm^(-2)+滴灌30 mm)产量达9 063—9 088 kg·hm^(-2),虽较单作玉米最高产处理(MN2I3,180 kg·hm^(-2)+滴灌60 mm)低3.48%—4.11%,但其土地当量比(land equivalent ratio,LER)持续>1(1.02—1.26),证实土地集约优势;带状复合种植较单作玉米提高0—40 cm耕层土壤蓄水量1.20%—8.64%;带状复合系统平均经济效益较单作玉米、大豆分别提高4.11%—8.04%与49.62%—63.28%,其中MSN1I2处理效益峰值达23 638元/hm2;MSN1I2实现水肥协同增效,灌溉产量效益达3.06 kg·m-3。【结论】玉米大豆带状复合种植模式下,减氮至120 kg·hm^(-2)耦合播后滴灌30 mm(MSN1I2)可同步优化冠层结构、保障高产稳产、提升经济效益与水肥效率,为区域“减氮增效”提供技术支持。
【Objective】This study aimed to clarify how varying nitrogen application rates and amounts of drip irrigation after sowing influence productivity and resource efficiency in a maize-soybean strip intercropping system,offering a theoretical framework for improving water-nitrogen management in the Huang-Huai-Hai area.【Method】From 2023 to 2024,a three-factor orthogonal experimental design was conducted,featuring three cultivation methods:maize alone(M),soybean alone(S),and maize-soybean strip intercropping(MS).The nitrogen levels tested were 120 kg·hm^(-2)(N1),180 kg·hm^(-2)(N2),and 240 kg·hm^(-2)(N3),while post-sowing irrigation was applied at 0 mm(I1),30 mm(I2),and 60 mm(I3).This study systematically analyzed the impacts of these planting patterns on leaf area dynamics,yield,water use characteristics,and economic benefits of water and nitrogen regulation.【Result】The leaf area index(LAI)for both maize and soybean reached its maximum around 90 days after sowing,following a sine function trend(goodness-of-fit R2>0.967).The MS method notably enhanced maize LAI but reduced soybean LAI.Soybean was particularly responsive to water availability;the lack of post-sowing irrigation(I1)led to a significant decrease in LAI for both S and MS soybean by 13.25%-25.00%and 17.73%-24.48%,respectively,at 30 days after sowing.The most effective intercropping treatment(MSN1I2:low nitrogen at 120 kg·hm^(-2)+30 mm irrigation)yielded 9063-9088 kg·hm^(-2).Although this yield was 3.48%-4.11%less than the highest yield from maize monoculture(MN2I3:180 kg·hm^(-2) N+60 mm irrigation),its land equivalent ratio(LER)remained above 1(1.02-1.26),highlighting the benefits of intensified land use.In comparison to maize monoculture,the strip intercropping system enhanced soil water retention in the 0-40 cm plough layer by 1.20%-8.64%.On average,the trip intercropping system improved economic returns by 4.11%-8.04%and 49.62%-63.28%compared with maize and soybean monocultures,respectively,with the MSN1I2 treatment yielding the highest benefit of 23638 yuan·hm^(-2).This treatment(MSN1I2)showed a synergistic improvement in water and nitrogen efficiency,with an irrigation water productivity of 3.06 kg·m-3.【Conclusion】In the maize-soybean strip intercropping system,lowering nitrogen application to 120 kg·hm^(-2) along with 30 mm of post-sowing drip irrigation(MSN1I2)could optimize canopy structure,maintain high and stable yields,enhance economic returns,and improve water and nitrogen efficiency.This approach offered the valuable technical guidance for regional initiatives aimed at reducing nitrogen and enhancing efficiency.
作者
孔玮琳
高春华
赵逢涛
巨飞燕
李宗新
赵海军
刘苹
KONG WeiLin;GAO ChunHua;ZHAO FengTao;JU FeiYan;LI ZongXin;ZHAO HaiJun;LIU Ping(State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100;Institute of Industrial Crops,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100)
出处
《中国农业科学》
北大核心
2025年第23期4905-4919,共15页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300905,2021YFD1900903)
泰山学者工程(tstp20231236)
山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXG2025B10)。
关键词
带状复合种植系统
施氮量
播后灌溉量
产量
经济效益
玉米
大豆
strip intercropping system
nitrogen application
irrigation after sowing
yield
economic benefits
maize
soybean
