摘要
目的分析2017—2023年安徽省细菌性痢疾的发病规律和流行特征,为科学制定安徽省细菌性痢疾监测与防控策略提供依据。方法对安徽省2017—2023年细菌性痢疾发病资料进行描述性流行病学分析,掌握其三间分布特征,并对监测菌株进行检测和分析,了解流行株及其耐药性。结果安徽省2017—2023年累计报告细菌性痢疾26080例,年发病数和发病率均呈逐年下降趋势,从6355例(10.26/10万)下降至1557例(2.54/10万)。每年6—8月为细菌性痢疾的流行高峰期;报告病例数和发病率居前5位的地区为合肥、芜湖、阜阳、亳州、宿州市;皖北地区报告病例数和发病率高于皖南地区;5岁以下儿童所占的病例数最多(占20.01%),职业分布以农民为主(占53.50%),其次为散居儿童(占19.77%)。淮北市和马鞍山市两监测点采样阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=38.031,P<0.001)。流行的优势菌群为福氏2a,流行菌株对氨苄西林、四环素类、萘啶酸高度耐药;对环丙沙星、氯霉素、头孢唑啉、舒巴坦、头孢噻肟中度耐药;对庆大霉素、阿奇霉素、头孢他啶、头孢西丁、亚胺培喃不耐药。结论安徽省细菌性痢疾报告发病率及报告病例数均呈下降趋势,皖北地区发病率和病例报告数高于皖南地区。农民和散居儿童为重点人群,需加强健康教育提高其防病意识。菌株耐药情况依旧严峻,临床治疗应合理选择抗生素,降低细菌性痢疾发病率,减轻疾病负担。
Objective To analyze the incidence pattern and epidemiological characteristics of bacterial dysentery in Anhui province from 2017 to 2023,and provide evidence for the development of surveillance and prevention strategies for bacterial dysentery in Anhui.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of bacterial dysentery in Anhui from 2017 to 2023.The isolated strains were tested and analyzed to understand the predominant strains and drug resistance.Results A total of 26080 cases of bacillary dysentery were reported in Anhui from 2017 to 2023,and the annual case count and incidence rate decreased from 6355 cases to 1557 cases and from 10.26/100000 to 2.54/100000.The annual incidence peak of bacterial dysentery was during June-August.Hefei,Wuhu,Fuyang,Bozhou and Suzhou ranked top 5 in terms of reported cases and incidence rate.The reported case count and incidence rate were higher in northern Anhui than in southern Anhui.The cases in children under 5 years old accounted for the highest proportion(20.01%).The cases were mainly farmers(53.50%),followed by children living scatteredly(19.77%).There was statistically significant difference in the positive rate in surveillance between Huaibei and Ma'anshan(χ^(2)=38.031,P<0.001).The predominant bacterial group of the pathogen was Fusarium 2a,and the pathogen strains were highly resistant to ampicillin,tetracyclines and naphthenic acid.The strains were moderately resistant to ciprofloxacin,chloramphenicol,cefazolin,sulbactam and cefotaxime,but not resistant to gentamicin,azithromycin,ceftazidime,cefoxitin and imipenem.Conclusion In recent years,the reported incidence rate and case count of bacillary dysentery showed downward trends year by year in Anhui,and the reported incidence rate and case count were higher in northern Anhui than in southern Anhui.Farmers and children living scatteredly were the key populations affected,so it is necessary to strengthen health education to improve their awareness of disease prevention.The drug resistance of strains is still serious,and the rational use of antibiotics in clinical treatment should be improved to reduce the incidence rate of bacillary dysentery and the burden of disease.
作者
聂爽
魏鸿园
肖永康
龚磊
吴家兵
侯赛
Nie Shuang;Wei Hongyuan;Xiao Yongkang;Gong Lei;Wu Jiabing;Hou Sai(Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei 230601,Anhui,China)
出处
《疾病监测》
北大核心
2025年第10期1284-1288,共5页
Disease Surveillance
基金
国家疾病预防控制局公共卫生人才培养支持项目(No.202303)。
关键词
细菌性痢疾
流行病学
监测
菌群
耐药
Bacterial dysentery
Epidemiology
Surveillance
Microbiota
Drug resistance
