摘要
病毒性胃肠炎是婴幼儿高发急性感染性疾病,主要由轮状病毒、诺如病毒等引起,传播快、易暴发。婴幼儿因免疫与消化系统发育不完善易成为高风险人群,常出现呕吐、腹泻、发热,重症可致脱水、多器官功能障碍甚至死亡。当前,防控中还面临病原体变异快、基层检测能力不足、轮状病毒疫苗接种率低以及监测数据不完整等诸多挑战。医疗卫生机构作为病毒性胃肠炎防控与诊治的关键环节,承担着疾病早期识别、精准施治、感染控制以及健康教育等重要职责。为此,本共识整合婴幼儿病毒性胃肠炎国内外最新研究,梳理疾病病原学特征、卫生经济学负担及防控现存问题,提出“防感染、控暴发、降重症”的核心策略,包括规范传染源管理、强化手卫生与环境消毒、提升轮状病毒疫苗接种覆盖率、加强健康宣教、构建分级预警机制等措施,旨在为各级医疗卫生机构提供标准化指导,助力完善基层卫生服务,降低疾病负担,提升儿童健康水平。
Viral gastroenteritis is a highly prevalent acute infectious disease among infants and young children,mainly caused by rotavirus,norovirus,and other pathogens.It is characterized by rapid transmission and high susceptibility to outbreaks.Due to immature immune and digestive systems,infants and young children are at high risk of infection,often presenting with vomiting,diarrhea,and fever;severe cases may lead to dehydration,multiple organ dysfunction,and even death.At present,there are still many challenges,such as rapid pathogen variation,insufficient testing capacity at the primary level,low vaccination rate of rotavirus vaccine,and incomplete monitoring data,etc.As a key link in the prevention,control and treatment of viral gastroenteritis,medical and health institutions assume the important responsibilities of early disease identification,accurate treatment,infection control and health education.Therefore,integrating the latest domestic and international research about viral gastroenteritis among infants,this consensus summarizes the etiological characteristics,health economic burden,and existing problems in prevention and control of the disease.It proposes the core strategy of“preventing infections and controlling outbreaks,and reducing severe cases”including measures such as standardizing the isolation of infectious sources,strengthening hand hygiene and environmental disinfection,improving the coverage rate of rotavirus vaccination,enhancing health education,and establishing a hierarchical early warning mechanism.It will provide standardized guidance for medical and health institutions at all levels,helping to improve primary health services,reduce the disease burden,and enhance children's health.
作者
中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防医学科学院)
中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所
北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心
北京市疾病预防控制中心
四川省疾病预防控制中心
江苏省疾病预防控制中心
湖北省疾病预防控制中心
山东省预防医学会
复旦大学附属儿科医院
首都儿科研究所
华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院
首都经济贸易大学文化与传播学院
王丽萍
常昭瑞
余文周
胡入月
蔡立
孟欣
沈若寒
陈燕升
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Academy of Preventive Medcine);National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention;China CDC;China Center for Health Development Studies;Peking University;Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Shandong Preventive Medicine Association;Children's Hospital of Fudan University;Capital Institute of Pediatrics;Union Hospital;Tongji Medical College;Huazhong University of Science and Technology;School of Culture and Communication;Capital University of Economics and Business;Wang Liping;Chang Zhaorui;Yu Wenzhou
出处
《疾病监测》
北大核心
2025年第10期1255-1265,共11页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
婴幼儿
病毒性胃肠炎
医疗卫生机构
防控策略
专家共识
Infants and young children
Viral gastroenteritis
Medical and health institutions
Prevention and control strategies
Expert consensus
