摘要
基于江苏省东台市1998-2020年的日气象数据,采用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith方法和单作物系数法,计算了该地区主要种植作物水稻在非盐渍土和盐渍土上的全生育期需水量、有效降水量及净灌溉需水量。结果表明:(1)对于土壤全盐含量小于水稻耐盐阈值1.92 g/kg的非盐渍土,水稻的净灌溉需水量为301.0~594.7 mm,多年平均净灌溉需水量为446.3 mm;(2)对于土壤全盐含量大于1.92 g/kg的盐渍土,水稻的净灌溉需水量为478.4~848.3 mm,多年平均净灌溉需水量为660.5 mm,考虑到种植前的灌水压盐过程,实际净灌溉需水量高达712.7~1317.1 mm;(3)1998—2020年水稻净灌溉需水量极不稳定,呈现明显的年际变化,且浮动区间逐渐变大,面临旱涝灾害几率增加,净灌溉需水量预测更加困难;(4)不需要淋洗的非盐渍土种植水稻的多年平均水分亏缺指数为–0.68,需要淋洗的盐渍土种植水稻的多年平均水分亏缺指数为–0.77,水分亏缺巨大,需要加强区域灌溉系统研究。
Based on daily meteorological data from 1998 to 2020 in Dongtai City,Jiangsu Province,FAO-recommended Penman-Monteith method and a single crop coefficient approach were applied to calculate the full growing season water requirement,effective precipitation and net irrigation water requirement for rice grown on non-saline and saline soils.The results showed that for non-saline soil with a total soil salt content below the rice salt tolerance threshold of 1.92 g/kg,the net irrigation water requirement for rice ranged from 301.0 mm to 594.7 mm,with a multi-year average of 446.3 mm,but for saline soil with a total salt content exceeding 1.92 g/kg,which ranged from 478.4 mm to 848.3 mm,with a multi-year average of 660.5 mm.If considering pre-planting leaching to suppress salt levels,the actual net irrigation water requirement would increase to 712.7–1317.1 mm.The net irrigation water requirement for rice was highly variable from 1998 to 2020,with significant interannual fluctuations and a widening range of variation,indicating an increasing risk of drought and flood disasters,and also making it more challenging to predict net irrigation needs.The multi-year average water deficit index for rice was–0.68 for non-saline soil that do not require leaching,which was–0.77 for saline soil that do require leaching,indicating a significant water deficit and underscoring the need for enhanced regional irrigation system research.
作者
高渊
乔晓英
陈小兵
张新
谢文萍
王相平
姚荣江
刘广明
GAO Yuan;QIAO Xiaoying;CHEN Xiaobing;ZHANG Xin;XIE Wenping;WANG Xiangping;YAO Rongjiang;LIU Guangming(School of Water and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Xi’an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology and Water Security in Arid Regions,Ministry of Water Resources,Xi’an 710054,China;Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai,Shandong 264003,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China)
出处
《土壤》
北大核心
2025年第5期1145-1151,共7页
Soils
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDLSF05-03)
国家自然科学基金项目(42077084)资助。
关键词
滨海盐碱地
水稻需水量
净灌溉需水量
东台市
Coastal saline-alkali land in coastal areas
Water requirement of rice
Net irrigation water requirement
Dongtai City
