摘要
为有效处治岩溶塌陷,平衡岩溶管道系统水气压力,文章将岩溶塌陷防治水气压力平衡技术作为研究目标,通过概化地质模型,建立2种规格的室内试验模型,探索不同通气孔直径与水位变化过程中产生的压力脉动及正负压关系。结果表明:平衡水气压力的通气孔孔径可分为三级(初级平衡孔径、有效平衡孔径、最优平衡孔径);建立各级通气孔直径与空腔截面直径的比例对水气压力平衡的效应,得出实现完全平衡空腔内水气压力的通气孔平衡孔径与空腔截面直径比值应大于4.16%;并讨论水气压力平衡技术在实际岩溶区地面塌陷防治工作中钻孔孔径、布置方式及施工的具体要求,提出通气孔单孔的终孔直径或多个孔开孔直径之和应不小于4.16%平均岩溶溶洞高度,钻孔布置应重点考虑的4个方面以及钻孔成孔的5个要求。
With the expansion and increasing scale of underground engineering projects in China,geological hazards in karst areas,particularly the frequent occurrence of karst collapses,have become a major concern.To effectively prevent and control karst collapses,scholars have conducted in-depth research on the treatment methods over many years,yielding significant results.However,research on the method of balancing the water-gas pressure within karst pipeline systems remains insufficient,lacking both theoretical support and practical application to actual karst areas.To further explore this theoretical model,this study focuses on water-gas pressure balance technology for the prevention and control of karst collapses.A generalized geological model was developed,and two different specifications of indoor physical test models were designed and established.High-precision,high-frequency fiber optic pressure sensors were utilized to monitor pressure variations inside simulated karst cavities under varying conditions of vent diameter,initial water level,and flow velocity.This study specifically examined pressure fluctuations within the simulated cavities during changes in water level and the pressure pulsations occurring during water level drawdown.The aim was to identify a vent diameter capable of eliminating these pressure pulsations and balancing the internal pressure of the cavity,thereby establishing a general method for determining the vent diameter.The results of experiments show that the vent diameter required to balance water-gas pressure within the cavity can be categorized into three levels:the primary balance vent diameter that can eliminate pressure pulsations caused by water level drop;the effective balance vent diameter that can significantly reduce negative pressure within the cavity;and the optimal balance vent diameter that can effectively balance the water-gas pressure within the cavity.By analyzing the relationship between the vent diameter at each level and the cavity section diameter,the correlation between these diameters was determined,and the ratio of the vent diameter at each level to the cavity section diameter was established.It was found that the ratio of the balance vent diameter to the diameter of cavity section for eliminating water and gas pressure pulsations should exceed 0.5%.If the water vapor pressure within the cavity is to significantly reduce,this ratio should exceed 1.25%.Besides,this ratio should exceed 4.16%to fully balance the water-gas pressure inside the cavity.Finally,the determination of the vent diameter for pressure regulation,layout methods,depth design,and drilling process requirements should be considered when the application of water-gas pressure balance technology in practical prevention and control of karst collapses are discussed.This aims to refine the water-gas pressure balance technology for karst collapses and provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control measures.
作者
马骁
周志华
郑志文
李秀娟
蒋小珍
魏平新
廖忠浈
潘宗源
MA Xiao;ZHOU Zhihua;ZHENG Zhiwen;LI Xiujuan;JIANG Xiaozhen;WEI Pingxin;LIAO Zhongzhen;PAN Zongyuan(Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Innovation Center of Karst Collapse Prevention Technology,China Geological Survey/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangdong Provincial Monitoring Center of Geological Environment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510510,China)
出处
《中国岩溶》
北大核心
2025年第5期1109-1120,共12页
Carsologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(42077273)
广东省政府采购项目(DHZZ2025037)。
关键词
岩溶塌陷
水位波动
压力脉动
通气孔径
模型试验
防治理论
karst collapse
water level fluctuations
pressure pulsation
vent diameter
model test
theroy on prevention and control
