摘要
矿区涌水量的计算与预测分析对保障矿产资源安全开采具有重要意义。本文以广西盘龙铅锌矿区为例,构建地下水流动三维数值模型,利用GMS软件基于非稳态流计算并预测分析矿区涌水量和地下水流场变化。结果发现:随着开采深度从70 m增加到740 m,矿区涌水量呈线性增加的趋势,开采区出现明显的降落漏斗,水头差值最高达到800 m。黔江下游的大藤峡水利工程正常蓄水后,促使矿区附近的江水水位升高,进而导致矿区涌水量增加了5376 m^(3)·d^(-1)。实施东帷幕工程只能减少约3091 m^(3)·d^(-1)矿坑涌水量。东、西帷幕共同作用下,矿区涌水量减少约6895 m^(3)·d^(-1),可消除黔江水位升高带来的涌水安全隐患。在此基础上,进一步预测并分析了未来不同中段开采条件下的涌水量变化。研究结果可为矿区安全生产提供有力的数据支持。
The importance of metal mineral resources as a vital component of China's social and economic development is self-evident.With the acceleration of industrialization,the demand for mineral resources has increased sharply,and mining activities have extended progressively deeper underground.However,the resulting water-inflow disasters are becoming increasingly frequent,seriously threatening both the safety of mine operations and balance of the ecological environment.Therefore,it is of great significance to scientifically and reasonably calculate and predict changes in water inflow and groundwater levels in mining areas,and to develop effective water prevention and control strategies to ensure safe production in these areas.Since the exploitation of the Panlong lead-zinc mine in Guangxi began,mine production has been affected by the erosion of surface water and groundwater.The Panlong lead-zinc mine is adjacent to the Datengxia Water Conservancy Project.When the Datengxia Water Conservancy Project commenced impoundment,the water level of the Qianjiang River rose significantly,enhancing the resistance to recharge of the Qianjiang River and greatly increased the risk of water inflow in the mining area.Focusing on the Panlong lead-zinc mine in Guangxi as the research subject,this study addresses the water inflow problems encountered during deep mining operations.By integrating with the hydrogeological conditions,karst development characteristics,and the current mining status,a three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow in the mining area was developed by GMS software.This model predicts water inflow and changes in underground flow field at different mining depths and evaluates the water-blocking effectiveness of grouting curtain project.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Prior to the construction of the Datengxia Water Conservancy Project,the water level of the Qianjiang River reached 42 m,with the average total daily water inflow of the mine being 20,610 m^(3)∙d^(−1)and 21,263 m^(3)∙d^(−1),respectively,when mining extended to the middle of−380 m and−440 m.(2)Following reservoir impoundment with the water level of the Qianjiang River at 61.5 m,the total water inflow at the−440 m level increased to 26,639 m^(3)∙d^(−1),representing an increase of 5,376 m^(3)∙d^(−1)relative to pre-impoundment conditions.Meanwhile,a significant drawdown funnel developed,with recharge from the Qianjiang River on the eastern side and lateral groundwater inflow on the western side becoming the dominant water sources.This suggests that the elevated water level of the Qianjiang River,caused by the Datengxia Water Conservancy Project,may pose potential risks to the safety of mining operations.(3)Prior to the implementation of the eastern curtain,mining at the−440 m level under reservoir impoundment conditions resulted in a total water inflow rise of increase of 5,376 m^(3)∙d^(−1).Following the implementation of the eastern curtain grouting project,with reservoir impoundment(the water level of the Qianjiang River:61.5 m)and mining at the−440 m level,the total average daily water inflow was 23,548 m^(3)∙d^(−1),representing a reduction of approximately 3,091 m^(3)∙d^(−1)compared to pre-curtain conditions(26,639 m^(3)∙d^(−1)).The results show that the eastern curtain project blocked only 3,091 m^(3)∙d^(−1)of water inflow,failing to completely eliminate the inflow problem.(4)Following the east-west curtain grouting project,under conditions of reservoir impoundment and mining at the-440 m level,the total average daily water inflow was 19,744 m^(3)∙d^(−1)-an approximate reduction of 6,895 m^(3)∙d^(−1)compared to pre-curtain conditions.This effectively eliminates the increased water inflow caused by the impoundment-induced water-level rise,indicating the effective water prevention and control achieved by the east-west curtain project in the mining area.(5)Numerical simulation predicts that the total water inflow of the mine will reach 23,285 m^(3)∙d^(−1)when mining attains−740 m level,with the rate of water inflow increase slows down as the mining depth increases.In addition,flow field simulations indicate that,as mining depth increases,the range of the drawdown funnel gradually expands,hydraulic gradients intensify,and groundwater recharge pathways shift toward the bed of the Qianjiang River.This study can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of water inflow during the deep mining of the Panlong lead-zinc mine,while also offer theoretical support and practical guidance for safe mining and prevention and control of groundwater disasters in karst mining areas characterized by complex hydrogeological conditions.
作者
彭三曦
李贵福
单慧媚
刘允全
卢丹美
PENG Sanxi;LI Guifu;SHAN Huimei;LIU Yunquan;LU Danmei(College of Earth Science,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi,541004,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi,541004,China;Guangxi Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545006,China)
出处
《中国岩溶》
北大核心
2025年第5期1006-1024,共19页
Carsologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42167026)
广西自然科学基金项目(2025GXNSFAA069806)。
关键词
铅锌矿区
涌水量
数值模拟
帷幕阻水
流场变化
lead-zinc mining area
water inflow
numerical simulation
water-blocking curtain
flow field variation
