摘要
岩溶水是重要的水资源,揭示其成因机制,开展质量评价及健康风险评估,对于岩溶水的合理开发利用与保护具有至关重要的意义。文章以渝东南岩溶水为研究对象,采用Gibbs图、多元统计分析、熵权水质指数(EWQI)和人类健康风险评估模型等方法研究该区域地下水水化学组成、水质状况,并开展健康风险评价。结果表明:(1)渝东南岩溶区地下水呈弱碱性,以HCO_(3)-Ca型水为主;(2)水化学组分主要受控于水岩作用和人类活动,阳离子交换作用不明显;(3)渝东南岩溶区地下水总体水质优良,EWQI值范围为7.29~182.68,均值为21.83;(4)健康风险评估结果表明渝东南岩溶区个别地下水的TFe和NO_(3)^(-)超过儿童非致癌风险的可接受限值。研究成果可为渝东南岩溶水资源的开发利用和保护提供基础数据,也能为类似岩溶区地下水的研究提供可借鉴的方法手段。
This study conducted comprehensive water sampling and testing at 71 groundwater sites in a typical karst area of southeastern Chongqing during the summer.The research utilized methods including Gibbs diagrams,ion ratios analysis,multivariate statistical technique,the entropy-weighted water quality index(EWQI),and assessment models of human health risk to investigate the hydrochemical composition,water quality status,and health risks of groundwater in the region.The results indicate that the hydrochemical type of groundwater in the karst area of southeastern Chongqing is predominantly HCO_(3)-Ca(61.97%),followed by mixed types of HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg(30.98%)and a small proportion of HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca(7.04%).The dominant cations is Ca^(2+),while the primary anions is HCO.The average cation concentrations follow the order:Ca^(2+)>Mg^(2+)>Na^(+)>K^(+)(60.67 mg·L^(−1),10.09 mg·L^(−1),2.45 mg·L^(−1),and 1.23 mg·L^(−1),respectively),while the average anion concentrations are ranked as HCO>SO−>NO>Cl−(195.04 mg·L^(−1),26.95 mg·L^(−1),9.04 mg·L^(−1),and 3.69 mg·L^(−1),respectively).The pH values range from 6.98 to 8.17,with a mean of 7.58,indicating weakly alkaline conditions.The total dissolved solids(TDS)range from 101.48 to 578.44 mg·L^(−1),with an average value of 300.13 mg·L^(−1).The coefficients of variation(CV)of the major ions Cl−,SO−,and Na+in the groundwater exceed 100%,suggesting complex sources.The hydrochemistry of groundwater in the karst area of southeastern Chongqing is predominantly controlled by rock weathering.The ions of K+and Na+primarily originate from dissolution of and halite,with a limited role played by cation exchange.In some localized areas,elevated Na+levels are influenced by domestic sewage inputs.Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),and HCO are mainly derived from the weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks such as calcite and dolomite.Cl−is partly sourced from halite dissolution but predominantly reflects anthropogenic contamination from domestic wastewater.NO is primarily attributed to the application of agricultural fertilizer.SO−originates from the dissolution of sulfur-bearing minerals,industrial and mining activities,and gypsum dissolution,with the gypsum dissolution contributing minimally.The water quality evaluation of the karst area in the southeastern Chongqing was conducted using the EWQI method.The EWQI values range from 7.29 to 182.68,with an average value of 21.83,indicating overall high water quality.Specifically,the proportions of high-quality,good,and poor are 92.96%,5.63%,and 1.41%,respectively.Correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between TDS,TFe,Mn,Al,and the EWQI.Multivariate linear regression further confirmed that groundwater is mainly affected by TFe,TDS,Al,Mn,and NO.Some sampling points exhibited poor water quality(Class Ⅳ),greatly affected by elevated levels of TFe,Mn,and Al.According to the Groundwater Quality Standard(GB/T 14848-2017),the single-factor evaluation classified water quality as Class Ⅰ to Ⅴ in proportions of 7.04%,47.89%,32.39%,9.86%,and 2.82%respectively.Overall,groundwater quality is mainly affected by industrial and mining activities associated with local mining operations.The assessment of health risk of groundwater in southeastern Chongqing show that most of the risks are within safe levels,with an exceedance rate of 4.23%.However,in some areas,TFe and NO_(3)^(-)surpass the comprehensive health risk threshold for children(HI=1),indicating elevated hazard risks,with the highest risk value of NO3-reaching HInitate=2.17277.Therefore,these areas require increased attention.
作者
张贵权
朱爱萍
任坤
曾洁
彭聪
潘晓东
梁嘉鹏
宋晨
张文平
唐薇薇
蒋丹丝
ZHANG Guiquan;ZHU Aiping;REN Kun;ZENG Jie;PENG Cong;PAN Xiaodong;LIANG Jiapeng;SONG Chen;ZHANG Wenping;TANG Weiwei;JIANG Dansi(School of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu,Anhui 241003,China;Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR&GZAR,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Pingguo Guangxi,Karst Ecosystem,National Observation and Research Station,Pingguo,Guangxi 531406,China)
出处
《中国岩溶》
北大核心
2025年第5期992-1005,共14页
Carsologica Sinica
基金
广西自然科学基金(2023JJD150024)
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(2023018)
中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20250501408)。
关键词
水化学
熵权水质指数(EWQI)
人类健康风险
岩溶水
渝东南
hydrochemistry
entropy-weighted water quality index(EWQI)
human health risks
karst groundwater
southeastern Chongqing
