摘要
在21世纪的今天,我国正面临着生育率持续下降和老龄化问题日益严重的双重挑战。低生育率不仅导致人口结构失衡,劳动资源匮乏,还加重了青年人的养老负担,影响下一代未成年人的心理健康,不利于社会的良性发展。研究发现,女性的生育意愿较低,育儿与教育成本的飙升让家庭望而却步,国家生育支持政策的不足以及社会生育文化环境的影响也在一定程度上降低了年轻人生育的积极性。针对影响我国年轻人生育意愿的主要因素,建议通过加强女性权益保障,完善生育补贴机制等生育支持政策,降低生育和养育成本缓解家庭经济压力,积极构建新型生育文化等系列措施激发年轻人生育意愿的提升。
In the 21st century,China is facing the dual challenges of a continuously declining fertility rate and an increasingly severe aging population.Low fertility not only leads to an imbalanced population structure and a shortage of labor resources but also increases the burden of elderly care on the younger generation,negatively impacts the mental health of the next generation of minors,and hinders the healthy development of society.The study found that women's fertility desire was low.Soaring childcare and education costs deter families,while insufficient national fertility support policies and the influence of the socio-cultural environment surrounding childbirth also reduce young people's enthusiasm for having children to some extent.To address the main factors affecting the fertility intentions of young people in China,it is recommended to enhance the protection of women's rights and interests,improve fertility support policies such as subsidy mechanisms,reduce the costs of childbirth and child-rearing to alleviate family economic pressure,and actively foster a new fertility culture to boost young people's willingness to have children.
作者
白子琦
胡圆颖
BAI Ziqi;HU Yuanying(Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621000,China)
关键词
低生育率
劳动保障
教育成本
low fertility rate
labor protection
education costs
