摘要
[目的]探索新型尿嘧啶类除草剂NWAFU-J11的应用前景。[方法]采用温室盆栽法评价NWAFU-J11对16种杂草的苗前、苗后除草活性,对6种作物的室内安全性以及玉米田杂草防效和作物安全性。[结果]在7.5、15 g a.i./hm^(2)时NWAFU-J11表现出优异的苗后除草活性,对龙葵、大巢菜、小巢菜、婆婆纳、繁缕、广布野豌豆的苗后除草活性均超过90%;同时在15、30 g a.i./hm^(2)时也表现出优异的苗前除草活性,对龙葵、大巢菜的防效超90%,整体效果与对照药剂丙炔氟草胺活性相当。作为土壤处理除草剂,NWAFU-J11对玉米无明显药害;对大豆、棉花、油葵和花生的EC10值分别为133.49、104.16、95.43、91.30 g a.i./hm^(2),均高于对照药剂丙炔氟草胺,表明其具有较高的作物安全性。玉米田药效试验表明,NWAFU-J11在45、90 g a.i./hm^(2)剂量下,对阔叶杂草防效优异(分别为92.79%和98.27%),与丙炔氟草胺相当,但对禾本科杂草防效略低,分别为70.89%和82.14%。在安全性方面,45 g a.i./hm^(2)时NWAFU-J11对玉米产生轻度可逆药害,90 g a.i./hm^(2)时药害稍重但仍可逆,不影响作物后续生长。[结论] NWAFU-J11是一种极具产业化开发前景的苗前土壤处理除草剂品种。
[Aims]Evaluation the application prospects of the novel uracil herbicide NWAFU-J11.[Methods]The greenhouse pot test method was employed to evaluate the pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicidal activities of NWAFU-J11 against 16 weed species,its safety to 6 crop species,as well as its weed control efficacy and crop safety in maize fields.[Results]At doses of 7.5 and 15 g a.i./ha,NWAFU-J11 exhibited excellent post-emergence herbicidal activity,with control efficacy exceeding 90%against Solanum nigrum,Vicia sinogigantea,V.hirsuta,Veronica polita,Stellaria media,and V.cracca.Concurrently,NWAFU-J11 demonstrated excellent pre-emergence herbicidal activity at 15 and 30 g a.i./ha,achieving over 90%control against S.nigrum and V.sativa.The overall herbicidal activity was comparable to that of the reference herbicide flumioxazin.As a soil-applied herbicide,NWAFU-J11 caused no significant phytotoxicity to maize.The EC10 values of NWAFU-J11 for soybean,cotton,sunflower and peanut were 133.49,104.16,95.43 and 91.30 g a.i./ha,respectively,all higher than those of flumioxazin,indicating that NWAFU-J11 had relatively high crop safety.Results of field efficacy trials in maize fields showed that when applied at doses of 45 and 90 g a.i./ha,NWAFU-J11 exhibited excellent control efficacy against broadleaf weeds(92.79%and 98.27%,respectively),which was comparable to that of flumioxazin.However,its control efficacy against gramineous weeds was slightly lower,reaching 70.89%and 82.14%at the two doses,respectively.In terms of safety,when applied at 45 g a.i./ha,NWAFU-J11 induced mild and reversible phytotoxicity to maize;when the dose was increased to 90 g a.i./ha,the phytotoxicity was slightly more severe but still reversible,without affecting the subsequent growth of the crop.[Conclusions]NWAFU-J11,a pre-emergence soil-applied herbicide,demonstrates significant commercialization potential.
作者
王金金
刘黔红
陈璐瑶
魏少鹏
姬志勤
WANG Jinjin;LIU Qianhong;CHEN Luyao;WEI Shaopeng;JI Zhiqin(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《农药》
北大核心
2025年第12期920-925,共6页
Agrochemicals
基金
国家自然基金(31872011)。
