摘要
[目的]采用单独施药和混合施药2种方式,研究毒死蜱与马拉硫磷、抗蚜威、联苯菊酯在桃果实中的降解行为,并对其安全性进行评价。[方法]采用乙腈提取和QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS建立了同时测定桃中毒死蜱、马拉硫磷、抗蚜威和联苯菊酯残留量的检测方法,分析在单独和混合施药2种方式下4种农药在桃果实中的消解动态及最终残留量。[结果]桃果实中毒死蜱、马拉硫磷、抗蚜威和联苯菊酯在0.005~1 mg/L的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99;在0.005~1 mg/kg的添加水平下,平均回收率为85.5%~109%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~9.9%;定量限均为0.005 mg/kg;基质效应整体表现为基质增强效应,采用基质标准曲线进行定量。残留试验结果显示,单独施药时,毒死蜱、马拉硫磷、抗蚜威和联苯菊酯在桃果实中的原始沉积量分别为0.5960、0.4635、2.2219、0.1520 mg/kg,半衰期分别为11.6、0.9、3.9、10.3 d,4种农药的原始沉积量和半衰期均存在显著差异。毒死蜱与马拉硫磷混合施用时,其原始沉积量和半衰期与单独施用时均无显著性差异;毒死蜱与抗蚜威或联苯菊酯混合施用时的原始沉积量分别是单独施用时的1.5倍和2.7倍,半衰期分别缩短了17%和54%。[结论]建立的方法符合检测要求,适用于桃果实中毒死蜱等4种农药残留的快速检测。在本试验条件下,安全间隔期时桃果实中毒死蜱、马拉硫磷和抗蚜威的残留量均低于中国和日本的MRL,联苯菊酯的残留量低于日本的MRL,安全风险均处于较低水平,但在出口欧盟市场的桃产品中要注意监测毒死蜱、马拉硫磷和联苯菊酯。本试验的开展为指导桃树上典型杀虫剂的联合应用提供了参考依据。
[Aims]The degradation behavior of chlorpyrifos,along with malathion,pirimicarb and bifenthrin in peach fruits was investigated through two approaches,individual and combined application,and their safety was subsequently assessed.[Methods]A detection method was established for the simultaneous determination of residues of chlorpyrifos,malathion,pirimicarb and bifenthrin in peach fruits using acetonitrile(as extraction solvent)and QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS.The dissipation dynamics and final residues of four pesticides in peach fruits were analyzed under two application approaches.[Results]The good linear relationships were obtained for chlorpyrifos,malathion,pirimicarb and bifenthrin within the concentration range of 0.005-1 mg/L,and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.99.At the spiked levels of 0.005-1 mg/kg,the average recoveries were 85.5%-109%,and the relative standard deviations were 2.8%-9.9%.The limits of quantification were all 0.005 mg/kg for four pesticides.There was an overall matrix enhancement effect,and the matrix-matched calibration curves were used for quantification.The residual test results indicated that,when applied individually,the initial concentrations of chlorpyrifos,malathion,pirimicarb and bifenthrin in peach fruits were 0.5960,0.4635,2.2219 and 0.1520 mg/kg,with half-lives of 11.6,0.9,3.9 and 10.3 d,respectively.There were significant differences in the initial concentrations and half-lives of the four pesticides.When chlorpyrifos was mixed with malathion,there was no significant difference in its initial concentrations and half-lives compared to individual application.However,the initial concentrations of chlorpyrifos combined with pirimicarb and bifenthrin were 1.5 and 2.7 times higher than individual application,and the half-lives were reduced by 17%and 54%,respectively.[Conclusions]The established method meet the testing requirements,and was suitable for rapid detection of chlorpyrifos,malathion,pirimicarb and bifenthrin residues in peach fruits.At the pre-harvest interval under the conditions of this study,the residues of chlorpyrifos,malathion and pirimicarb in peach fruits were all below the MRL of China and Japan,and the residue of bifenthrin was below the MRL of Japan,indicating a low level of safety risk.However,for peach products exported to the EU market,attention should be paid to monitoring the residues of chlorpyrifos,malathion and bifenthrin.The advancement of this study offers a reference for the integrated use of typical insecticides on peach trees.
作者
乔成奎
田发军
王彩霞
郭琳琳
庞涛
庞荣丽
成昕
谢汉忠
QIAO Chengkui;TIAN Fajun;WANG Caixia;GUO Linlin;PANG Tao;PANG Rongli;CHENG Xin;XIE Hanzhong(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhongyuan Research Center,Xinxiang 453514,Henan,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit(Zhengzhou),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhengzhou 450009,China;The Center for Agri-Food Quality&Safety,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《农药》
北大核心
2025年第12期889-895,共7页
Agrochemicals
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610192023312)
国家农产品质量安全风险评估专项(GJFP20240501)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-ZFRI-09)。
关键词
毒死蜱
桃
单独施用
混合施用
降解行为
chlorpyrifos
peach
individual application
combined application
degradation behavior
